Mu myaka 4 ingabo z’u Rwanda zimaze muri Cabo Delgado, ubumuntu, ubwitange n’ubuhanga byaziranze, ngo ni igihango abaturage b’iyo ntara bazazirikana ubuziraherezo.
Ku isi Mozambique iri mu bihugu rutura, dore ko ku isi iri ku mwanya wa 35 mu bunini. Uretse kuba ihana imbibi n’ibihugu 6, hiyongeraho Inyanja y’Abahinde mu burasirazuba bwayo.
Ahagana mu 1505 nibwo abakoloni b’abanya Porutigali bahageze, ubu bakaba bahamaze ibinyejana birenga 4, dore ko cyabonye ubwigenge mu 1975. Abakoloni ni nabo bagihaye izina bakita Mozambique.
Mozambique iherereye mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’Afrika. Igizwe n’intara 11, aho mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba, hari intara yitwa Cabo Delgado.
Cabo Delgado ni izina Abanyarwanda benshi bamaze kumva kenshi, kuva mu myaka.mike ishize. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuganira kuri iyi ntara ibarizwamo ingabo z’u Rwanda ndetse n’abapolisi b’uRwanda, aho bagiye kurwanya ibyihebe.
Kubera iki ibyihebe byayogoje Cabo Delgado?
Inkomoko yabyo ni iyihe? Ese byagenze bite, ngo abasirikari n’abapolisi b’uRwanda bisange bahanganye n’ibyo byihebe?
Nk’uko twabivuze, Cabo Delgado iherereye mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique, ikaba ihana imbibi na Tanzania. Iyi ntara iruta u Rwanda hafi inshuro 3, ituwe na million zirenga 2. Icyakora ni imwe mu ntara zikennye, nubwo yamaze kuvumburwamo imitungo kamere itandukanye, nka gazi n’ibindi. Nubwo Mozambique ituwe n’abakiristu benshi, Cabo Delgado ho biratandukanye, kuko abarenga 54% ari abo mu idini ya Islamu.
Kuva yabona ubwigenge mu 1975, Mozambique yagiye igira intambara za hato na hato, aho abaturage babaga basubiranyemo hagati yabo. Ibya vuba ni imitwe y’iterabwoba yavutse muri Cabo Delgado, igamije gushinga leta ya kiyisilamu muri iyo ntara.
Ahagana mu myaka ya za 90, Leta yohereje abasore benshi kwiga mu bihugu by’abarabu nka Arabia saudite, Misiri, Algeria, Sudan na Somalia. Mu gutahuka bagarukanye amatwara mashya n’imyigishirize itandukanye n’iyari isanzweho.
Ibibazo byatangiye kuvuka hagati y’umuryango w’abayisalumu n’urubyuruko rwari ruvuye kwiga hanze.
Mu mwaka wa 2015, aba basore bashinze umuryango witwa “Ansar al Sunnah”, bawushingira ahitwa Mocimboa da Praia, ariko bakaba baragenderega ku myemerere y’umunyakenya witwa Abdou Rogo Mohammed.
Uyu Abdou Rogo Mohammed niwe wari inyuma y’ibitero by’iterabwoba, byibasiye ambasade za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika muri Kenya na Tanzania, muw’ 1998.
Bamwe mu bayoboke ba Abdou Rogo waje kwicwa mu mwaka w’ 2012, bimukiye ahitwa Kibiti mu majyepfo ya Tanzania, aho baje kuva berekeza i Cabo Delgado, mu mujyaruguru ya Mozambique, aho baje kwiyunga kuri Ansar Al Sunnah muri 2016.
Tugarutse kuri Ansar Al Sunnah, biyitaga abagendera ku migenzo gakondo y’intumwa y’Imana Mohammad, mu gutangira kwigisha inyigisho zitandukanye n’izari zisanzwe, byakuruye ibibazo hagati yabo n’abayisalamu basanzwe, buri ruhande rugaragaza ko ari rwo rufite ukuri. Leta yaje kubyinjiramo, ndetse ijya ku ruhande rw’Umuryango w’Abayislamu wari usanzwe wemewe.
Mu gukomeza guhangana na Leta, ansar al Sunnah yatangaje ko itegeko rya kiyisilamu, sharia, ari ryo rigomba kubahirizwa mu karere irimo, ndetse itangaza ko itemera inzego za Leta: Ibitaro, amashuri, .. ndetse ihakana ibyo kwishyura imisoro, no kwitabira amatora. Abana b’abakobwa babuzwa kujya mu ishuri, ndetse bavuga ko, biteguye gukuraho Leta, igasimbuzwa ubutegetsi bugendera kuri sharia.
Mu mpera za 2015 i Cabo Delgado hari hatangiye kugaragara umutwe witwara kinyeshyamba, ugendera ku mahame akaze, aho bari bafite amazu yabo basengeramo, bakambara amapantalo magufi, bakabuza abantu gucuruza inzoga, bagategeka abagore kwambara imyenda ibahisha mu maso ndetse ntibage hanze kenshi. Uru rubyuruko, rwatangiye kujya noneho ruhangana n’inzego z’ibanze, ku buryo muri 2016, hanagaraye bamwe muri bo bitwaje imbunda. Aba biyitaga Ansar Al sunnah, abaturage basanzwe bo babitaga Al Shabab bivuga urubyuruko, ariko iyi Al Shabab, ntaho yari ihuriye na Al Shabab yayogoje Somalia.
Ku itariki ya 5 z’ukwezi kwa cumi 2017, ibintu byahinduye isura, abantu batangira kubona, ibyo amaso yabo atari yarigeze abona. Abasore 30 bitwaje intwaro bateye sitasiyo ya police bica abapolisi 12, banatwara intwaro. Inzego z’umutekano zarasanye nabo, zinafata abakekwa. Ibi ariko byabaye nko gukoza agati mu ntozi, kuko noneho ibitero byarushijeho kwitongera. Urugendo rw’ibikorwa ndengakamere by’iterabwoba, muri Cabo Delgado rutangira ubwo.
Mu mpera za 2018, Al shabab yari imaze gufata uturere 4, ari nako inarushaho kubona abarwanyi bashya, bava muri Kenya, Tanzania, Republika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n’ahandi. Mu mwaka wa 2019, Al shabab, yari yatangiye kwerekana ukwiyizera gukomeye, haba mu guhangana n’inzego za Leta, gutega ibico no kugaba ibitero ku birindiro by’ingabo, nk’icyabaye mu kwezi kwa 4 i Mocimboa da Praia aho banakuye intwaro nyinshi.
Mu kwezi kwa 6 kwa 2019, ibyihebe byasubije inyuma operasiyo yari yateguwe na Leta, igikorwa umutwe mpuzamahanga w’itererabwoba” ISIS” wishimiye cyane, uvuga ko Al Shabab ari ingabo z’intumwa Mohammad wa Rasul Lah. Kugeza aha, Al shabab yari igeze ku rwego rwo gufata abaturage b’abasivili, bakabaca imitwe mu ruhame.
Mbere ya 2019, Perezida wa Mozambique yari yarakomeje gukerensa ikibazo, dore ko we yabonaga Al Shabab nk’agatsiko k’amabandi. Ibi ariko bikaba byari mu buryo bwo guhisha ikibazo ngo amahanga atabona intege nke za Leta. Ibi byatumye Leta ya Mozambique igirana amasezerano n’abacancuro b’Abarusiya, bitwa Wagner Group, bikavugwa ko bafashwa bya hafi na Kremlin, ibiro by’umukuru w’igihugu cy’uburusiya. Si Wagner gusa, kuko haniyambajwe abandi bacancuro, bo muri afurika y’Epfo bitwa DAG.
Aba bose bashimyeho biranga, kubera kutagira amakuru ahagije, ndetse n’uburambe buke mu kumenya imikorere, n’amayeri, by’imitwe yiterabwoba.
Bimaze kunanirana, noneho Perezida Felipe Nyusi yemeye, ndetse anatangaza bwa mbere ko Leta ye ihanganye n’umutwe witerabwaba, witwa Al Shabab.
Mu mwaka wa 2020 no mu ntangiriro za 2021, al shabab yari yaramaze kubaka inzego, aho yari yariciyemo ibice, bamwe mu majyepfo, abandi mu majyaruguro no hagati. Kugeza icyo gihe, ibyihebe byari bimaze kugira intwaro zikomeye, n’abarwanyi benshi babarirwa hagati y’1500 na 2500. Bari baramaze kubaka ubutasi bukomeye, ku buryo ndetse bari banafite imikoranire na bamwe bo mu gisirikare cya Leta, ndetse no mu baturage. Abaturage barenga ibihumbi bitatu bari bamaze kwicwa, naho abasaga ibihumbi 8 baramaze guhunga uturere dutandukanye twa Cabo Delgado.
Igitutu cyakomeje kuzamuka kuri Leta ya Mozambique. Tanzania ibwira ubutegetsi bw’ i Maputo ko hatagize igikorwa yashyira ingabo zayo ku mupaka, mu rwego rwo kwirindira umutekano. Total Energies, kompanyi y’Abafaransa, nayo yasabye Leta gukora ibishoboka byose igakaza umutekano ibikorwa byayo bikaba byakomeza, dore ko ariyo yari mu bikorwa byo gucukura gaze, yari imaze igihe ivumbuwe muri ako
karere.
Mu kwezi kwa 8 muri 2020, Al shabab yambuye ingabo za Leta Mocimboa da Praia.
Mu kwezi kwa 3 muri 2021, Al shabab igaba igitero gikomeye ku mujyi wa Palma. Ibintu byari bikomeje kuzamba, ari nako igitutu kiba kinshi kuri Perezida Nyusi.
Perezida Nyusi wari wakomeje kwanga ko yakwemerera ingabo z’amahanga zitabara, yahise atumiza inama idasanzwe ya SADC (Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu by’Afrika y’Amajyepfo), dore ko ari nawe wari umuyobozi wayo.
Inama yabaye tariki 8 z’ukwezi ka 4, yemeza ko bagiye kohereza ikipe y’ impuguke i Maputo, zikiga neza ikibuga n’uburyo urugamba ruzakorwamo. Perezida Nyusi we yakomezaga kuvuga ko ingabo zizaza, zigomba kuyoborwa na Mozambique.
Mu gihe Nyusi yasaga n’ugenda gake mu kwemerera ko ingabo z’amahanga ziza mu gihugu cye, cyane ko ngo yabonaga imikoranire izagorana hagati y’izi ngabo n’igisirikari cya Leta, hahise hasohoka inkuru ivuga ko raporo yatanzwe n’impuguke za SADC yatewe utwatsi na Leta ya Mozambique. Iyo raporo ikaba yaravugaga ko hakenewe ingabo za SADC 3.000, zirimo izirwanira ku butaka, mu mazi ndetse no mu kirere. Ibyo byanatumye
Indi nama ya SADC yagombaga kubatariki ya 28 z’ukwezi kwa 4 isubikwa, kuko Perezida Ramophosa w’Afrika y’Epfo na mugenzi we Masisi wa Botswana, bari batangaje ko batazayitabira.
Burya rero, ngo akababaje umutima kazindura amaguru. Umunsi inama ya SADC isubikirwaho, niwo munsi Perezida wa Mozambique, Filipe Yacinto Nyusi, yafashe rutemikirere, akora ibilometero birenga 3500, ava i Maputo aza i Kigali, kuganira na mugenzi we w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame. Hari kuwa wa gatatu, itariki 28 Mata 2021.
Avuye mu Rwanda, Perezida Nyusi yagiranye ikiganiro.na televiziyo na y’igihugu cye, maze agira ati: “Twaganiriye ku bunararibonye bw’u Rwanda mu guhashya iterabwoba. U Rwanda rufite uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa by’amahoro muri Santarafrika, mu bufatanye n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye”.
Yakomeje agira ati: “Iyi ntambara turimo iterwa n’ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, kandi hari inyungu nyishi ziyihishe inyuma. Twasigiye ubutumwa umuvandimwe wacu [aha yavugaga Perezida Paul Kagame] ko twiteguye kwakirana yombi ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose azatugenera”.
Kugeza aha byari bitaramenyekana, niba u Rwanda, ruzohereza ingabo muri Mozambique guhashya ibyihebe.
Perezida Kagame, utajya uzuyaza mu gushakira amahoro abayakeneye, ku kiguzi icyo aricyo cyose, n’aha ntiyazuyaje.Yanzuye ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zoherezwa i Cabo Delgado.
Ku itariki ya 9 Nyakanga 2021, u Rwanda, ruto rutari Gito, rwasohoye itangazo ko, hatangiye urugendo rwo kohereza abasirikare n’abapolisi 1000, i Cabo Delgado, ku busabe bwa Mozambique. Ko ndetse izi ngabo, zizakorana bya hafi n’ingabo za Leta ya Mozambique ndetse n’iza SADC.
Perezida Kagame asubiza abari bakomeje kwibaza impamvu ingabo z’u Rwanda zatabaye mbere, ndetse zikahagera iza SADC zitarahagera, yagize ati: “Niba hari umuntu inzu ye yafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro, agatabaza asaba ubufasha, sinigeze numva abantu bibaza na rimwe, impamvu hari uwatabaye mbere y’abandi”.
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zikigera Cabo Delgado, umugambi wari ukugaruza imijyi ikomeye, ariyo Mocimboa da Praia ndetse na Palma, yari yarabaye indiri y’ibyihebe. Gen Maj Innocent Kabandana yahuje ibikorwa byose by’ingabo, maze Gen de Brig Pascal Muhizi ayobora ibitero.
Urugamba rwaremeye mu Mujyi wa Mueda, aho icyiciro cya mbere cy’ingabo cyahagurukiye, cyerekeza Awasse, mu Mujyi wa Mocimboa da Praia, wafatwaga nk’ibirindiro bikuru by’ibyihebe. Aho Awasse, ibyihebe byabanje kwihagararaho, ariko byari ikibazo cy’igihe, kuko bitashoboraga kwihanganira imvura y’amasasu yabigwagaho, bikizwa n’amaguru.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ingabo cyanyuze mu majyaruguru, ku cyambu cya Afungi muri Palma, ahari ikibuga cy’indege, ndetse n’agace bacukuragamo gaze i Cabo Delgado.
Igice cy’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza Mozambique baciye mu majyaruguru, batangiriye urugamba mu duce twa Afungi-Quitunda- Quelimane – Maputo- Mapalanganha, ubundi bahura na bagenzi babo banyuze muri Mueda, bahita babohora umujyi uri ku cyambu ariwo Mocimboa da Praia, wari umaze imyaka 2 mu maboko y’ibyihebe, Leta yarananiwe kubyirukana.
Nyuma yo kubohora Mocimboa de Praia, ntabwo zahagaze ahubwo zahise zikomeza kwirukana ibyihebe, zibikurikira mu gace ka Mbeu kari mu majyepfo, ndetse no mu duce twa Siri ya1 na Siri ya 2, aho byari byari byahungiye.
Avuga ku ifatwa ry’utwo duce, Mary Harper umwanditsi mukuru kuri Afrika muri BBC, yavuze ko abasirikare bo mu gihugu gito cy’Afrika, batojwe ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi bafite imyitwarire myiza ya gisirikare, bashoboye gukora mu gihe gito ibirenze ibyo igisirikare cya Mozambique cyananiwe mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Nk’uko twabivuze hejuru, nyuma y’ifatwa rya Mocimboa da Praia, ibyihebe bigahungira mu mashyamba ya Mbeu na Siri, ingazo z’u Rwanda zabasanzeyo ndetse habera imirwano ikomeye. Muri utu duce tugizwe n’amashyamba, ibyihebe byari byarakomeje kuyoberwa imirwanire y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, byize amayeri mashya, bitangira kurwana byihisha mu biti hejuru, gusa ayo mayeri nayo yaje gutahurwa.
Umuvugizi w’Ingabo z’uRwanda, Gen de Brig Ronald Rwivanga, yagize ati : “Barwana mu buryo utapfa kubabona, ariko natwe twakoze muri ubwo buryo mbere, twigeze kuba umutwe w’inyeshyamba, rero byaratworoheye kumenyera imikorere yabo, tubasha kubahashya.”
Perezida wa Mozambique, Filipe Nyusi, yahise atangaza ko, Ingabo z’Igihugu cye zifatanyije n’iz’u Rwanda zamaze kwigarurira hafi ibice byose byari byarafashwe n’ibyihebe mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgado.
Kuwa 24 Nzeri 2021, Perezida Paul Kagame yagiye gusura ingabo i Cabo Delgado, aho yazishimiye akazi zimaze gukora ndetse azibutsa ko akazi gakomeye kagihari ko kurinda ibimaze kugerwaho.
Perezida Nyusi nawe, kuwa 29 Ukuboza 2021, yasuye ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza SADC, aho yashimiye by’umwihariko Perezida Kagame ndetse n’Abanyarwanda, bemeye kohereza abana babo mu bikorwa byo guhashya ibyihebe muri Mozambique. Kuri Perezida Nyusi, ngo iki ni igihango kidashobora kwibagirana.
Imyaka 3 irashize rero ingabo n’abapolisi b’u Rwanda berekeje i Cabo Delgado, mu rugamba rutari rworoshye rwo guhashya ibyihebe, byari byarayogoje iyo ntara. Magingo aya, ibintu byarahindutse, kuko Cabo Delgado yari indiri y’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba mbere ya Nyakanga 2021, ubu yongeye kuba nyabagendwa.
Abaturage barashimira ingabo z’uRwanda n’abapolisi barwo mu buryo bukomeye, kuko ubuzima bwongeye kugaruka. Ubu abari barakuwe mu byabo hafi ya bose bamaze gutahuka. Inzego z’uRwanda zishinzwe ubuvuzi zakira abaturage benshi cyane buri munsi. Ibikorwa hafi ya byose by’ubucuruzi ubu byongeye gufungura imiryango, Ibikorwa remezo by’amazi n’amashanyarazi byari byarangijwe byarasanwe, ubu birakora neza. Byose abatuye Cabo Delgado babishimira inzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda, kubera ubumuntu, ubwitange n’ubuhanga biziranga. Iri ni ishema rikomeye ku Banyarwanda twese.
