Djibouti ni igihugu gito gikora ku Nyanja itukura, ariko ni iwabo w’ibirindiro bikomeye bya gisirikare by’Abanyamerika n’Abafaransa bari barayikolonije, ndetse n’abashinwa bakomeje kugaragaza inyota yo gukorana n’iki gihugu.
Hari ubwo bifatwa nk’imbaraga nke z’ibihugu bya Afurika n’imbaraga zikomeye z’ibihugu by’amahanga ariko ibi birindiriro bikaba byarabayeho guhera no mu bihe by’ubukoloni, mu ntambara y’ubutita, kugeza n’uyu munsi.
Ahanini bishyirwaho bitumbiriye agace ka Sahel n’ihembe rya Afurika, mu duce u Burayi buhuriramo na Afurika nayo igahura n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati.
Ibirindiro biri muri Sahel biri mu gice gifatwa nk’ikirimo ibikorwa bikomeye by’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Al Qaeda, Islamic State na Boko Haram, uduce turimo imitwe ifatwa nk’iyananiranye kuri guverinoma z’ibihugu, n’ubwo n’aba banyamahanga kuyitsinsura nabo bikibabereye ihurizo.
Uzasanga muri utwo duce hihariye indege zitagendamo abapilote z’Abanyamerika n’Abafaransa, ariko ibi bihugu bikanengwa ko nubwo byakajije umutekano, nta mpinduka ifatika byazanye.
Nka Djibouti ibitse icyambu gifatwa nk’igicumbi cy’ubucuruzi bwa Afurika n’u Buhinde kimwe n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, ibona inyungu mu gucumbikira ibirindiro by’ingabo z’ibihugu birindwi bikomeye, birimo Amerika, u Bushinwa, u Butaliyani, u Bufaransa, u Budage, u Buyapani, Espagne ndetse na Arabie Saoudite iri mu nzira yoherezayo ingabo.
Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite ibirindiro by’ingabo muri Afurika
Ibirindiro by’Ingabo z’u Bushinwa muri Djibouti
U Bushinwa buri kubaka ibirindiro bya gisirikare ku cyambu cya Obock, ku kigobe cya Tadjoura hafi n’ibirindiro by’ingabo z’Abanyamerika, Camp Lemonnier. Ni kimwe mu bigize ishoramari rya miliyari $12 ry’u Bushinwa muri Djibouti, harimo kubaka icyambu gishya, ibibuga by’indege n’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza Ethiopia na Djibouti.
Ibyo birindiro bizaba bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ingabo ibihumbi, byitezweho kurengera inyungu u Bushinwa buri kongera mu ihembe rya Afurika.
U Bufaransa
Hari ibirindiro byubatswe muri Tchad biri mu bikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba, Operation Barkhane, bibarizwamo abasirikare bagera ku 3,500, bakorera muri Burkina Faso, Tchad, Mali, Mauritania na Niger
.
Hari ibiri muri Côte d’Ivoire byubatswe kuri Port-Bouët, biri no guteganywa kwagurwa, bikavanwa ku basirikare 500 bakagera kuri 900.
Muri Djibouti niho hubatse ibirindiro bimaze igihe kirekire by’ingabo z’Abafaransa, ubu birimo abagera ku 1 700, hakaba ibindi muri Gabon ari nabyo bibamo ingabo z’Abafaransa banakorera muri Repubulika ya Afurika yo hagati.
U Buhinde
U Buhinde bufite ibirindiro by’ingabo muri Madagascar, ari naho bwubatse ibirindiro bya mbere mu mahanga, mu 2007. Ni ibigamije gucunga umutekano w’amato agenda mu Nyanja y’Abahinde no kugenzura itumanaho ryo muri iyi nyanja.
Hari n’ibirindiro bafite muri Seychelles nabyo bigamije kurwanya ba rushimusi bo mu nyanja, n’ubwo bivugwa ko ari byo bikurikirana ibikorwa by’u Bushinwa bishobora kubangamira inyungu z’u Buhinde.
U Budage
Iki gihugu gifite ibirindiro by’igisirikare gikorera ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Niamey, mu Murwa Mukuru wa Niger, zitanga ubufasha mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Mali.
U Bwongereza
U Bwongereza bufite ibirindiro muri Kenya biri ahitwa Nanyuki, mu bilometero 200 uvuye mu Murwa Mukuru Nairobi, bifasha ahanini mu myitozo ya gisirikare.
U Buyapani
Abayapani bafite ibirindiro by’ingabo muri Djibouti guhera mu 2011, ahari abasirikare 180 bagenzura hegitari 12 hafi y’ibirindiro by’Abanyamerika, Camp Lemonnier. Bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cyo gukomeza gucungira hafi ibikorwa by’u Bushinwa bukomeje kwinjira mu bihugu bitandukanye cyane cyane muri Afurika.
Arabie Saoudite
Nyuma y’umwuka mubi waherukaga, Arabie Saoudite iri kurangiza umushinga wo kubaka ibirindiro bya gisirikare muri Djibouti, aho irangaje imbere urugamba rwo kurwanya inyeshyamba z’aba Houthi muri Yemen.
Turikiya
Iki gihugu gifite ibirindiro bya gisirikare muri Somalia biha imyitozo ingabo z’icyo gihugu. Icyo gihugu kigenda kizamura izina ryacyo muri Somalia, aho mu 2011 akiri Minisitiri w’Intebe, Recep Tayyip Erdogan yabaye umuyobozi ukomeye wa mbere w’umunyamahanga usuye Somalia yari imaze imyaka myinshi mu ntambara.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu.
Iki gihugu gifite ibirindiro muri Eritrea, aho mu 2015, cyatangiye kubaka ikigo cya Assab mu Nyanja Itukura, gishobora kugwaho indege zikoreye ibintu biremereye, gifasha mu kugeza ibikoresho mu bikorwa bya gisirikare muri Yemen.
Eritrea yahawe ingurane y’inkunga itubutse kimwe n’undi musanzu mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo. UAE kandi ifite ibirindiro muri Somalia, bikoreshwa mu gutoza ingabo za Somalia mu kurwanya iterabwoba, guhugura urwego rw’ubutasi n’igipolisi.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Iki gihugu nicyo gifite ibirindiro byinshi muri Afurika, harimo nk’ibikomeye cyane muri Burkina Faso i Ouagadougou, bifasha mu gucunga umutekano muri Sahel. Hari ibiri muri Cameroon ku kibuga cy’indege cya Garoua, aharuhukira drone zikurikiranira hafi inyeshyamba za Boko Haram mu Burengerazuba bwa Nigeria, hakaba n’abasirikare 300 ba Amerika.
Hari ibiri i Ndjamenamuri Tchad, hakaba na Camp Lemonnier iri ku butaka bwa hegitari 200 muri Djibouti, ikambitseho abasirikare 3,200 ba Amerika kimwe n’abasivili bakorana.
Aha niho hari ibiro bikuru by’ingabo za Amerika zigenzura ihembe rya Afurika, akaba ari nabyo birindiro bihoraho by’ingabo za Amerika muri Afurika.
Muri Ethiopia naho Amerika ihafite ingabo guhera mu 2011, nubwo bivugwa ko bishobora kuba byarafunzwe. Hari ibirindiro biri muri Kenya bizwi nka Camp Simba ahaba utudege tugenzura muri Somalia na Yemen; hakaba ibirindiro muri Niger bifasha indege kugenzura agace ka Sahel n’ikibaya cy’ikiyaga cya Tchad.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi zifite ibirindiro muri Somalia bibamo abakomando mu duce twa Kismayo na Baledogle; hakaba n’ibiri muri Seychelles bikoresha drones zigenzura ako gace.
Hari n’umutwe w’ingabo umaze iminsi ufasha ingabo za Uganda guhiga Joseph Kony uyobora inyeshyamba za Lord Resistance Arm, ukorera ku kibuga cy’indege cya
Entebbe.
Norbert Nyuzahayo
