Ibyuma bikoreshwa basaka byaba bigira ingaruka ku buzima?

Ibyuma bakoresha basaka, bishobora kumenya ibintu bihishe munsi y’imyenda cyangwa ibihishe mu mubiri, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mirasire izwi nka “rayons x” igenda ikinjira mu mubiri wose, harimo no mu ngingo zimwe na zimwe nk’imboni, amabere no mu dusabo tw’intanga tw’abagabo.

Gusa nk’uko tubikesha urubuga france culture ishami ry’umuryango w’abibimbye ryita ku buzima, rivuga ko ibyo byuma bitagombye gukoreshwa ku bagore batwite no ku bana bato, kuko ngo nta bushakashatsi buhagije burakorwa kuri ibyo byuma n’ikoreshwa ryabyo.

Urubuga baby centre, ruvuga ko inzobere mu by’ubuzima bw’umugore utwite Clare Herbert asobanura ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’umugore utwite mu gihe anyuze mu byuma bisaka.

Muganga Clare Herbert avuga ko kunyura mu byuma bisaka nta ngaruka mbi bigira ku mugore utwite, ubwoko bw’icyuma gisaka ubwo ari bwo bwose bwaba bwakoreshejwe.

Ibyo byuma bisaka, akenshi bikoreshwa hagamijwe gusaka ibintu by’ibyuma umuntu yaba yinjiranye bitewe, nuko bikoresha ingufu nkeya (electromagnetic) zijya kungana n’izituruka mu bindi bikoresho byo mu rugo bikoresha amashanyarazi.

Avuga ko iyo ari yo mpamvu we, yemeza ko kunyura muri ibyo byuma bisaka, nta kibazo biteye ku muntu uwo ari we wese, nubwo yaba ari umugore utwite. Ibyo kandi ngo ni kimwe na bya byuma bafata mu ntoki bakakinyuza ku muntu ku mubiri wose nabyo ngo nta kibazo biteye.

Gusa, avuga ko ku bibuga by’indege bimwe na bimwe bakoresha ibyuma bisaka, bifite ubushobozi bwo gusaka ibyo umuntu yaba atwaye bitemewe nubwo byaba atari ibyuma, ibyo rero ngo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya X-ray kugira ngo barebe ibyo umntu yaba atwaye imbere y’imyenda, ariko ntiyinjira mu ruhu imbere.

Nubwo ibyo byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryitwa x-ray ngo nta kibazo ritera ababinyuramo. Kugeza ubu, ngo ingaruka zaba zikomoka ku kunyura muri byo ni nkeya cyane nubwo umuntu yaba abinyuramo kenshi ku munsi.

Ibyiza ngo ni uko umugore utwite, akumva afite impungenge zo kunyura muri ibyo byuma bisaka, yajya asaba bakamusaka ku ruhande nubwo nabyo hari ubwo bisaba ko yiyambura imyenda imwe n’imwe iyo bibaye ngombwa.

Mu nkuru yatangajwe n’urubuga rwa www.bbc.com, hagaragaramo umugabo wanze kunyura muri ibyo byuma bisaka, ku kibuga cy’indege mu Bwongereza, avuga ko bishobora kumwangiriza ubuzima.

Uwo mugabo witwa Tony Aguirre yavuze ko atiteguye kwishyira mu byago byo kunyura muri izo mashini zisohora “x-rays” kandi zigira ingaruka mbi.

Yagize ati, “X-rays zizwiho gutera indwara ya kanseri, ndatekereza ko hari uwo zizatera kanseri, yaba njyewe cyangwa se undi muntu uwo ari we wese”.

Nyuma yo kwanga kunyura mu cyuma gisaka cy’i Manchester, yangiwe kugenda n’indege yari agiye kugendamo, bisaba ko ajya kunyura ku kibuga cy’ahitwa i Liverpool aho ibyo byuma bitakoreshwaga.

Iki cyuma gisaka ngo nta ngaruka kigira ku buzima bw’umuntu

Ese amakenga y’uwo mugabo yari afite ishingiro?

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’Abongereza gishinzwe ibya “radiology” (guca mu byuma), hamwe n’ikigo kitwa “Royal College of Radiologists”, igaragaza ko urugero rw’ibyitwa “radiations” bisohorwa n’ibyuma bisaka, ari ruto cyane inshuro 100.000 ugereranije n’impuzandengo ya radiyasiyo zinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu nibura ku mwaka, ziturutse mu bidukikije karemano (natural background radiation) cyangwa se ziturutse no ku miti umuntu afata.

Dr Peter Riley, impuguke mu bya “radiology” akaba yaranayoboye ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ingaruka ziterwa no kunyura mu byuma bisaka ari nkeya.

Yagize ati “Ntushobora kuvuga ko nta ngaruka n’imwe ihari. Kuko hari abantu nibura babiri cyangwa batatu bahura nazo mu bantu bose banyura muri ibyo byuma buri mwaka.”

Dr Tony Nicholson, umushakashatsi mu kigo cya “The Royal College of Radiologists”,nawe avuga ko abantu bahura na radiyasiyo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, kuko ngo ziri mu butaka, mu ngo z’abantu no mu mwuka abantu bahumeka, gusa ngo ikibazo gihari, ni uko abahanga badahuza ku bijyanye n’ingaruka zaterwa na radiyasiyo z’ibyuma bisaka ku bibuga by’indege.

Dr David Brenner, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cy’ubushashatsi mu bya radiology muri Kaminuza ya Colombia “Columbia University”, yasabye abashakashatsi gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, bakagaragaza uko ibyo byuma bisaka byaba byangiza ubuzima bw’abantu bari mu byiciro bitandukanye, nk’abana n’abandi.

Yanasabye ko bishobotse baziga uko umuntu yajya anyura mu byuma bisaka, ariko nti bigere ku mutwe no ku ijosi, kugira ngo barwanye ubwiyongere bwa kanseri zifata uruhu.

Nyuma yo kubona ko icyo kibazo kitavugwaho rumwe n’abahanga batandukanye, Kigali Today yashatse kumenya uko icyo kibazo gihagaze mu Rwanda, ivugana n’umutekinisiye mu bijyanye n’ibyo byuma bisaka witwa Njoroge John, ukorera sosiyete ikora ibijyanye no gucunga umutekano yitwa ”KK Security” asobanura uko ibyo byuma bikora.

Yagize ati,”ibyo byuma nta kibazo biteye ku buzima bw’abantu, kuko ibyuma bisaka mu Rwanda, haba ku kibuga cy’indege no ku nzu zihurirwaho n’abantu benshi, bidakoresha x-ray, ahubwo bikoresha ibyo bita “magnetic”. Ibyo rero nta kibazo biteye, kuko iyo magnetic ni nayo ikoreshwa muri za telefoni n’ahandi. Gusa usanga ahenshi bagira abagore batwite inama yo kutabinyuramo kimwe n’abana bato.

Ubundi ibyuma bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima n’ibikoresha x-ray, kandi ibyo ntibikoreshwa hasakwa abantu ahubwo babikoresha basaka imizigo”.

Abashakatsi bavuga ko igihe gikora neza iki cyuma nta ngaruka cyagira

Kigali Today kandi yashatse kumenya icyo abaganga bavuga kuri ibyo byuma, ivugana na Dr Fidel Rubagumya, inzobere mu bijyanye n’indwara ya kanseri akaba akorera ibitaro bya gisirikare by’i Kanombe, atubwira ko ibyuma bisaka bikoreshwa ku bibuga by’indege no ku nzu zihurirwamo n’abantu benshi mu Rwanda, nta kibazo biteye bitewe n’uko ubwoko bw’amareyo bisohora nta ngaruka agira ku buzima bw’abantu.

Yagize ati ”Ibyuma bisaka bikoreshwa mu Rwanda nta kibazo biteye, kuko hakoreshwa ibyitwa (non-ionizing radiation), ni ukuvuga bitagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu. Gusa habaye hari n’ibiri ‘ionizing’byaba basohora amareyo make cyane ku buryo kugira ngo azagere igihe cyo kugira ingaruka ku muntu, byasaba ko aba yaranyuze muri ibyo byuma igihe kirekire cyane.

Kuko umuntu unyuze mu cyuma rimwe, yinjiza amareyo angana na 0,1 mu gihe umuntu muri rusange yinjiza amareyo nibura 3600 ku mwaka, avuye ku zuba, mu butaka no ku bindi bikoresho abantu bifashisha mu ngo mu buzima busanzwe.

Dr Rubagumya, yavuze ko impamvu abagore batwite n’abana bato babuzwa kunyura muri ibyo byuma, si ukuvuga ko biteye ikibazo ahubwo, ni ukugira amakenga (precaution), kuko haramutse habayeho impanuka amareyo akagera ku mugore utwite, byagira ingaruka no ku mwana atwite, akaba yagira ibibazo akiri mu nda (malformation), ni kimwe no ku bana bato, impamvu batanyuzwa muri ibyo byuma, ni ukubarinda kuba bahura n’ayo mareyo, cyane ko baba bagikura kandi batarakomera ku buryo abagezeho yabagiraho ingaruka mbi.

Nubwo ibyuma bisaka bikoreshwa mu Rwanda nta kibazo biteye, Dr Rubagumya yasobanuye ingaruka zishobora kugera ku bantu mu gihe bakoresha ibyuma bisaka bisohora amareyo yangiza ubuzima (ionizing radiation), yavuze ko ayo mareyo agiye mu mubiri w’umuntu ari menshi ashobora gutera kanseri y’amaraso.