Mu nama yabereye i Génève mu Busuwisi kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 15 Gicurasi 2023, igahuza intumwa z’uRwanda, iza Kongo n’iz’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi, HCR, impande uko ari eshatu zashyize umukono ku masezerano yo gucyura impunzi “ku bushake”, zaba iz’Abanyekongo ziri mu Rwanda, zaba n’iz’Abanyarwanda ziri muri Kongo.
Aho ikibazo kiri rero, ni uko amasezerano nk’aya atari ubwa mbere asinywe, kuko no mu nama zabereye i Goma n’i Kigali mu mwaka wa 2010, izo mpande zari ziyemeje gufasha impunzi gutaha ku bushake. Ubusesenguzi bugaragaza ko uRwanda rwubahirije ibyo rwari rwiyemeje, Kongo igakomeza guterera agati mu ryinyo, aho kwita ku kibazo cy’ abaturage bayo bahungiye mu Rwanda.
Ikigaragaza ko uRwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa amasezerano yo muw’2010, ni uko kuva icyo gihe hatahutse ababarirwa mu bihumbi, ubu bakaba baranafashijwe gusubira mu buzima busanzwe. Magingo aya ndetse haracyataha abandi, bakaza batanga ubuhamya ko batinze guhunguka kuko bari baragizwe ingwate n’abahisemo gufata intwaro, cyane cyane abibumbiye mu mutwe w’abajenosideri wa FDLR.
Abategetsi ba Kongo uko bagiye basimburana ku ngoma, aho gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano muke ari nacyo abo bantu bahunze, ahubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yariyongereye, harimo n’iyashinzwe cyangwa ishyigikiwe na Leta. Si ibyo gusa, kuko itotezwa rishingiye ku bwoko ryatumye Abanyekongo b’Abatutsi bakomeza guhunga, iki kibazo kikaba ari na kimwe mu byatumye havuka umutwe wa M23, uvuga ko urwanira cyane cyane uburenganzira bw’ Abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda.
HCR ivuga ko mu Rwanda hari impunzi z’Abanyekongo zisaga bihumbi mirongo irindwi na bitanu(75.000), zihamaze imyaka irenga 20, hakiyongeraho izibarirwa mu bihumbi birindwi(7.000) zaje kuva intambara yakubura muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Uyu mubare kandi ukomeza kwiyongera kubera intambara n’ubushyamirane byabaye akarande mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo.
Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko itazakumira impunzi ziruhungiraho. Ikongeraho ariko ko uRwanda rudakwiye gukomeza kwikorezwa umuzigo w’impunzi z’Abanyekongo, mu gihe igihugu cyabo kidaha agaciro iki kibazo uko bikwiye, ndetse bamwe mu Banyekongo, barimo n’abategetsi, bakabita “Abanyarwanda basubiye mu gihugu cyabo”.
Nk’uko bisanzwe rero Kongo yongeye gusinya amasezerano izi neza ko itazayashyira mu bikorwa. Ikimenyetso ni uko kimwe mu by’ibanze bisabwa ngo impunzi zitahe, ari uko umutekano ubanza kugaruka aho abo bantu bari batuye, nyamara mu bice byinshi bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru intambara iraca ibintu, imitwe y’abagizi ba nabi ntisiba kuvuka, kandi Leta nta mbaraga cyangwa ubushake igaragaza bwo kubihagarika.
Umwe mu mitwe ibuza amahwemo Abanyekongo ni FDLR igizwe n’abicanyi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ukaba waranabibye ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu duce igenzura. Raporo nyinshi cyanye, zirimo iza Loni, zagaragaje ko FDLR ikorana n’ubutegetsi bwa Kongo, ikaba yarahawe rugari ngo yice inakize uwo ishaka.
Niba se n’abahanyanyaje bakaguma muri Kongo badasinzira kubera FDLR ibica, ikabasahura, igasambanya abagore ku ngufu, abahunze batinyuka bate gusubira muri uko kuzimu? Abarwanyi b’iyo FDLR kandi nibo ba Ingabire Victoire bita”impunzi” zikwiye kugirana imishyikirano na Leta y’uRwanda, zikagira ibyo zemererwa kugirango zibone gutaha. Ese iyo umuntu yafashe intwaro, akiyemeza kugaba ibitero ku gihugu yaturutsemo, nk’uko FDLR ihora ibikora, uwo muntu aba agifatwa nk’impunzi? Leta y’uRwanda ntihwema gushishikariza Abanyarwana bakiri impunzi gutaha, kuko Igihugu gihora kibategeye yombi.
Twibukiranya ko “guca burundu ikitwa ubuhunzi” biri mu mahame ya RPFF-Inkotanyi ifite ijambo mu buyobozi bw’uru Rwanda. Abadataha bafite impamvu zabo bwite, ariko biganjemo abasize bakoze ibyaha mu Rwanda, bakaba batinya ubutabera. Abo nabo ntibahejwe mu gihugu cyabo, kuko “ibyaye ikiboze irakirigata”.
Amasezerano avuguruye yo gucyura impunzi amaze gushyirirwaho umukono i Génève, ateganya ko mu kwezi kumwe abarebwa n’ayo masezerano bazahurira i Naïrobi muri Kenya, bakareba uko yatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Ese Kongo izaba yashoboye gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano, mu gihe ahubwo ababikurikiranitra habi bavuga ko bafite ubwoba ko uruvangitirane rw’ingabo z’amahanga, abacancuro n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, rushobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo?
Mu by’ukuri gucyura impunzi muri ibi bihe birasa n’ibidashoboka. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda ayo masezerano yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri ufite impunzi mu nshingano, Marie Solange Kayisire. Kongo yari ihagarariwe na Minisiriri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Christophe Lutundula, naho ku ruhande rwa HCR hari Umuyobozi wayo,Filippo Grandi, ari nawe watumije iyi nama.
