Inama y’ibihugu 7 bikize kw’isi (G-7) yateraniye i Paris mu Bufaransa mu mwaka wa 1989 yasabye ibihugu byose byo ku isi gushyiraho ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibyaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba.
U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa iki cyemezo mu mwaka wa 2011 ruba igihugu cy’112 gishyize mu bikorwa icyo cyemezo cya G -7.
Muri aka karere k’Afurika y’iburasirazuba, Tanzaniya niyo yabaye iya mbere mu gushyiraho iri shami mu mwaka wa 2007, Kenya mu 2012 na Uganda mu 2014. Amakuru arambuye ni mu kiganiro twagiranye na ACP Joseph COSTA HABYARA, umuyobozi w’ishami rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rishinzwe kurwanya ibyaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba, rikaba rikorera muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
Ikibazo: Tubwire muri macye inshingano ziri shami.
ACP HABYARA: Ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku mari ryitwa “Cellule de Renseignements Financiers” mu gifaransa, naho mu cyongereza ryitwa “financial intelligence/investigation unit”, rifite inshingano z’ingenzi zo kwegeranya, gusesengura, kugeza amakuru ku babishinzwe no kugenza ibyaha, mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibyaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba nk’uko biteganywa n’ Itegeko rikumira kandi rihana iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba.
Iri shami rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rikaba rikorera muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, ryashinzwe mu 2011 nyuma y’uko bibaye ngombwa ko u Rwanda narwo rugira icyo rukora mu gukumira no kurwanya ibyo byaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba.
Ikibazo: Kubera iki u Rwanda cyangwa se Polisiy’u Rwanda bategereje umwaka wa 2011 kugirango bashyireho iri shami?
ACP HABYARA: Hari ibintu byinshi biba bigomba kwemezwa mbere y’uko iryo shami rishyirwaho.
Mbere na mbere hari hakenewe itegeko rishyiraho uru rwego ndetse rikagena n’inshingano zarwo. Mu mwaka w’2004/2005, hari ubusesenguzi bwakozwe na Banki y’isi ku byaha by’iyeza ndonke no Gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’iterabwoba mu Rwanda n’ingaruka yabyo ku bukungu. Icyo gihe rero hemejwe ko hajyaho itegeko rirebana n’ibyo bibazo. Itegeko nimero 47/2008 ryo kuwa 9/9/2008 rikumira kandi rihana iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba nibwo ryashyizweho.
Ingingo yaryo ya 20 yavugaga ko “Hashyizweho Ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku mari ryitwa “Cellule de Renseignements Financiers” (CRF) mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa. Iteka rya Perezida rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ishingano by’iryo shami rikagena urwego iryo shami rikoreramo”.
Itegeko teka rya Perezida wa Repubulika nimero 27/01 ryo kuwa 30/5/2011 ryagiyeho rigena imiterere, imikorere n’inshingano by’ishami rishinzwe iperereza ku mari.
Guverineri wa Banki y’u Rwanda akaba ari umuyobozi w’urwego ngishwanama, akungirizwa n’Umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Repubulika. Urwego ngishwanama kandi rurimo Umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imisoro n’amahoro (RRA), Umuvunyi wungirije ushinzwe kurwanya ruswa, umuyobozi Mukuru ushizwe iperereza ryo hanze y’igihugu muri NISS, Umuyobozi muri Minisiteri y’imari ushinzwe guteza imbere urwego rw’ubukungu, Komiseri w’ishami rya Polisi rishinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (CID) n’Umuyobozi wa FIU nk’umunyamabanga w’uru rwego.
Ikibazo: Mu myaka ine mumaze mukora, mumaze kugera kuki?
ACP HABYARA: Twasabye abayobozi ba za banki gushyiraho abashinzwe gutanga amakuru muri banki z’ubucuruzi uko ari 16 aho bashinzwe gukora za raporo z’igenzura zo kurwanya ikoreshwa nabi ry’amafaranga mu bikorwa bitemewe. Aba dukorana nabo umunsi ku wundi.
Twashyizeho uburyo bwo gutanga raporo, bukaba bufasha ibigo twavuze haruguru kumenyesha ishami ryacu kurwanya ibyaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga iterabwoba ndetse n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano nabyo.
Twagize kandi uruhare mu gushyiraho ihuriro rishinzwe kurwanya ubujura muri za banki. Iri huriro risaba ibigo byose n’abafatanyabikorwa (iby’itumanaho, banki,ikigo cy’isoko ry’imari n’imigabane, polisi, ibigo by’ivunjisha, n’ibyohereza amafaranga) gukorera hamwe no gufata ingamba mu kurwanya ubujura n’ibindi bikorwa bijyanye nabwo, bagashyiraho amategeko atuma habaho kurwanya uku gukoresha amafaranga ku buryo butemewe.
Twakoze kandi amahugurwa atandukanye ndetse tunitabira inama ku rwego rw’akarere no kurwego mpuzamahanga mu Buhinde, Koreya y’Epfo, Kenya, Misiri, Burundi na Tanzaniya, aho twunguranye ibitekerezo ku kuntu twarwanya ibi byaha by’Iyezandonke no gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’iterabwoba.
Mu mwaka w’2012, u Rwanda rwasabye kuba indorerezi mu muryango uhuje ibihugu byo mu karere k’ iBurasirazuba no mu Majyepfo (ESAAMLG) bigamije gukumira no kurwanya ibyaha by’Iyezandonke no kurwanya ugutera inkunga imitwe y’iterabwoba.
Mu mwaka wa 2014, tawasabye kuba umunyamuryango uhoraho, tubyemererwa mu nama yabereye i Luanda muri Angola kuva tariki 29/08/2014 kugeza kuya 05/09/2014. Igisigaye ni ukunononsora imihango ijyanye n’amategeko. Turizera ko bizarangira vuba muri uyu mwaka. U Rwanda rukaba ruzaba rubaye igihugu cya 18 mu bigize uwo muryango.
Twanateguye kandi amabwiriza agenewe amabanki n’ibindi bigo dukorana nabyo ajyanye n’uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru, uburyo bwo kumenya abo bakorana nabo n’uburyo bwo kubika amakuru. Ibi kandi bifasha kumenya imyirodoro y’abakiriya ba za banki n’ibigo by’imari, ndetse n’ibyerekeranye n’ihererekanya ry’amafaranga. Aya mabwiriza akaba yaremejwe n’inama ngishwanama y’ishami ryacu tariki ya 2 Ukuboza 2015.
ACP Joseph COSTA HABYARA
Mu mwaka w’2012 twafashe amadorali y’Amerika ibihumbi 210, mu mwaka w’2014 dufata ibihumbi 160 by’amadorali y’Amerika ndetse tunahagarika amakonti 22 mu ma banki anyuranye mu mwaka wa 2015. Mu iperereza ryimbitse twakoze nta bimenyetso twabonye byerekana ko ayo mafaranga yose yari afite aho ahuriye n’icyaha cy’iyenzandonke cyangwa se gutera inkunga iterabwoba.
Ikibazo: Haba hari ingorane kugeza ubu muhura nazo?
ACP HABYARA: Ibyaha by’Iyezandonke kimwe n’ibindi bigenda bikorwa kuburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga ku buryo rimwe na rimwe bitubera imbogamizi mu kubikurikirana.
Ikibazo: Mukora iki rero?
ACP HABYARA: Dutegura amahugurwa anyuranye, dushaka uburyo bw’ikorana buhanga ku girango tugere ku nshingano zacu. Dufite urwego ngishwanama rudukuriye rufite umuhate n’ubushake, tukaba twizera ko tuzagera kuri byinshi.
Ikibazo: Haba hari ubutumwa bwihariye mufite mushaka gutanga?
ACP HABYARA:Turasaba banki n’ibigo by’imari gukurikiza amategeko yashyizweho y’imikorere ndetse tukaba dusaba abanyarwanda n’abandi gukoresha za banki n’ibigo by’imari haba mu kuzana amafaranga mu gihugu no kuyajyana hanze aho kuyatwara mu ntoki cyangwa mu mufuka, kugira ngo bagire umutekano uhagije ndetse n’ibikorwa yateganyirijwe gukora byihute.
RNP
