Abahoze ari ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR) bagize uruhare runini mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Umugambi wa Jenoside watangiye mu Kwakira 1990 urakomeza kugeza izo ngabo zitsinzwe muri Nyakanga 1994, ndetse waranakomeje no muri operasiyo zakurikiyeho, aho ingabo zatsinzwe zakomeje guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda ziturutse aho zari zarahungiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, kugeza n’ubu bamwe muri zo bari mu mutwe wa FDLR bakaba bakomeje ibikorwa bizwiho gukomeza umugambi wa Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 4 rishyira kuwa 5 Ukwakira 1990, Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Kigali zakoze ikinamico, zirasa mu kirere ijoro ryose zibeshya ko ari igitero cya FPR kugira ngo zibone urwitwazo rwo guta muri yombi abantu benshi, aho hatawe muri yombi Abatutsi basaga 10.000 mu Gihugu hose.
Abenshi muri bo bajyanwe mu bigo bya gisirikari n’ibya jandarumori bahageze bakorerwa iyicarubozo n’ibindi bikorwa bitesha umuntu agaciro, hagamijwe kubahatira kwemera ibyaha batakoze na gato. Mu Mujyi wa Kigali, benshi muri abo Batutsi bahatiwe ibibazo mu Bigo bya Gisirikari Kanombe, Kigali, Kacyiru no mu Bugenzacyaha (Criminologie) bayobowe n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari bakuriwe na Major Michel Robardey n’abo yari ayoboye batozaga abajandarume b’u Rwanda muri serivisi yitwaga Fichier Central yamenyekanye cyane nka Criminologie.
Nubwo amategeko yabuzaga abasirikare kwitabira ibikorwa bya politiki, biragaragara ko ubukangurambaga bwo gukora Jenoside bwagizemo uruhare runini n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Ahanini byakorwaga n’agatsiko k’abasirikare b’intagondwa bakomoka muri Gisenyi na Ruhengeri kari kagizwe n’abasirikare bakuru nka ba Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, Anatole Nsengiyumva, Elie Sagatwa, Aloys Ntiwiragabo na Tharcisse Renzaho; ba Lt Col Dr Laurent Baransalitse na Nubaha Laurent; ba Major Aloys Ntabakuze na Protais Mpiranya; Lt Col Léonard Nkundiye n’abandi.
Aka gatsiko k’aba-ofisiye b’intagondwa z’Abahutu bakwirakwije ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu gisirikare, basaba abasirikare kutagirana umubano n’Abatutsi kandi Abatutsi bose bitirirwa ibibazo byose byugarije Igihugu mu rwego rwo kubatoteza no gukangurira Abahutu kubanga.
Iyi politiki y’urwango isobanurwa mu nyandiko ndende yasohotse ku wa 21 Nzeri 1992, itangazwa na Col Déogratias Nsabimana, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda igenewe ibigo bya gisirikari.
Iyo nyandiko yohererejwe abayobozi bose b’ingabo mu Gihugu n’aba Jandarumori, itangira yerekana ko Ibiro by’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo kuwa 4 Ukuboza 1991 byateguye inama yayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Juvénal Habyarimana ubwe, yabereye mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikari rya Kigali. Muri iyo nama hakaba harafashwe ibyemezo by’ingenzi nko gushyiraho Komisiyo igizwe n’abasirikare bakuru 10 bari bafite inshingano yo guhitamo ingamba zo gutsinda umwanzi ku rwego rwa gisirikare, mu itangazamakuru ndetse no muri politiki, bakagaragaza izo ngamba izo ari zo.
Mu nyandiko yo ku ya 21 Nzeri 1992, Col Nsabimana yatangaje ko Komisiyo yari yarangije inshingano yari yarahawe kandi igaragaza imyanzuro yayo.
Icy’ingenzi cyo kuzirikana muri iyo myanzuro, ni uko yagaragazaga ko umwanzi atakiri muri Uganda gusa ahubwo anagaragara imbere mu Gihugu kandi umubare w’abanzi ukaba urushaho kwiyongera. Col Nsabimana yasabye ko iyi nyandiko yakwirakwizwa mu bigo bya gisirikari byose, cyane cyane abasirikari bakigishwa ibika bisobanura umwanzi uwo ari we, uburyo bwo kumumenya, aho akura abayoboke n’abo bakorana.
Nsabimana yerekanye muri iyo nyandiko ko hari ubwoko bubiri bw’abanzi, umwanzi nyamukuru n’abamushyigikiye. Yasobanuye ko umwanzi nyamukuru ari Umututsi uwo ari we wese, uri imbere mu Gihugu cyangwa uri mu mahanga utarigeze yemera « impinduramatwara yo mu 1959 » yo mu 1959. Abashyigikiye umwanzi ni umuntu uwo ari we wese utanga ubufasha ku Batutsi, uko yaba abafasha kose.
Col Nsabimana yahise atondekanya ibyiciro by’abantu bagomba gushakishwamo abanzi birimo icyiciro cy’Impunzi z’Abatutsi; Ingabo za Uganda; Abatutsi b’imbere mu Gihugu;Abanyamahanga bashakanye n’abagore b’Abatutsi; Abahutu banga ubutegetsi; Abashomeri b’imbere mu Gihugu n’abari mu mahanga; Abanyamahanga bafite inkomoko imwe n’Abatutsi n’abagizi ba nabi bahunze Igihugu.
Iyi nnyandiko yashimangiye ko umwanzi uri mu Gihugu agomba kurwanywa kandi igaragaza amazina y’abacuruzi bamwe na bamwe, cyane cyane Abatutsi, bafatwaga nk’abanzi:
Mu bashyizwe mu rutonde harimo Valens Kajeguhakwa n’amasosiyete ye ERP, Corwaco, Sodevi na Bacar; Evariste Sisi n’amasosiyete ye, Assinapol Rwigara n’amasosiyete ye; Silas Majyambere n’amasosiyete ye Sorecarerwa, Sogetti, Danimo, Sofat, Antoine Sebera; Bertin Makuza n’amasosiyete ye ya Rwanda Foam na Amegerwa; Mutangana n’amasosiyete ye Volta Super, Tolirwa, Hydrobat n’abandi.
Col Nsabimana yashimangiye ko amabwiriza akubiye muri iyi nyandiko azafasha igisirikare kumva ko bidakwiye gushyigikira amasezerano y’amahoro hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na FPR. Iyi nyandiko yategetse abayobozi b’ingabo ko bagomba kumumenyesha buri gihe uko abasirikari bakiriye amabwiriza akubiye muri iyo nyandiko.
Nyuma yo gushyira hanze iyi nyandiko yatangajwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda yerekana ko Abatutsi ari abanzi b’u Rwanda, imyiteguro ya Jenoside mu ngabo yarihutishijwe kandi bikorwa mu buryo bweruye.
Uko bimwe byakozwe
Ku wa 9 Mutarama 1993, Koloneli Bagosora, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo wari mu masezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha, nyuma yo gushyira umukono masezerano ya gatatu ya Arusha yerekeranye no guhuza ingabo, yarikubise ati, « Ndatashye, ngiye kubategurira imperuka »
Ku wa 20 Mutarama 1993, agatsiko k’abasirikare bakuru bayobowe na Col Bagosora bashinze rwihishwa ishyirahamwe ryitwa “Amasasu”. Bagosora wiyitaga “Komanda Mike Tango,” yari umujyanama mukuru w’iryo shyirahamwe. Iri shyirahamwe kuri iyo tariki, ryoherereje Perezida Habyarimana ibaruwa imumenyesha ko ryashinzwe. Intego ryihaye ikaba gukomeza intambara yo kurwanya FPR, kuvangura Abatutsi no gutegura ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko.
Iri shyirahamwe ryihaye inshingano zo « kumenya no kwica, bibaye ngombwa, abanyapolitiki b’indyarya, bitwikira intambara bagakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagume mu myanya yabo cyangwa bitwaza andi mayeri kugira ngo babone imyanya y’ubuyobozi mu butegetsi. »
Kuri uwo wa 20 Mutarama 1993, Amasasu yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’abantu bagomba kwicwa hashingiwe ku gisobanuro cy’umwanzi cyatangajwe mu nyandiko yo muri Nzeri 1992 yashyizwe ahagaragara na Col Déogratias Nsabimana.
Gushingwa kw’Amasasu byakozwe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibikubiye mu yindi nyandiko y’ibanga yo ku ya 27 Nyakanga 1992 yandikiwe Perezida Habyarimana. Iyo nyandiko yanditswe na Col Anatole Nsengiyumva wari ukuriye ishami ry’ubutasi rya gisirikare, yari igamije kumenyesha Perezida Habyarimana ibijyanye no kudashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Arusha n’ibyariho biyaganirwaho.
Col Nsengiyumva yagaragaje ko aya masezerano aramutse ashyizwe mu bikorwa, ingabo z’u Rwanda zaba ziteguye « gutsemba Abatutsi […] hamwe n’abandi bayobozi bagize uruhare muri ibyo bibazo. […] Zizihorera ku basirikari bakuru bazemera ko abasivili bashyira mu bikorwa ibyo bashaka ntibabace intege ».
Muri iyi nyandiko, Col Nsengiyumva yashimangiye ko abasirikari bafata Minisitiri w’Intebe Dismas Nsengiyaremye na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga Boniface Ngulinzira nk’abateshutse ku nshingano zabo, kandi ko Perezida wa Repubulika Juvenal Habyarimana ashukika.
Mu magambo atomoye, Col Nsengiyumva yaburiye Perezida Habyarimana ku bishobora kumubera bibiri. Ati “Niba uyu muperezida atarengera abaturage be, niba adasubiye inyuma vuba, […] azisanga wenyine. […] Niba Umukuru w’Igihugu adafashe inshingano ze zo kurengera Igihugu ngo aziteho, agomba kwegura. Bitabaye ibyo, abandi bazabimukorera.”
Binyuze muri iyi nyandiko, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yari itangajwe ku mugaragaro. Iyi yari imitekerereze yo gutegura Jenoside yarangaga ubuyobozi bukuru bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Kuva mu 1991, Leta yatangiye gukwirakwiza intwaro mu baturage muri komini nyinshi, cyane cyane mu Majyaruguru y’Igihugu, muri Perefegitura za Byumba, Ruhengeri na Gisenyi. Ikwirakwizwa ry’izi ntwaro ryabanjirijwe n’amahugurwa ya gisirikare yahawe abaturage mu bigo bya gisirikari bya Mukamira, Gabiro, Bigogwe ndetse n’ahandi nko ku biro bya komini Muvumba (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyagatare). Intwaro zatanzwe zakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi butandukanye twavuze haruguru bwabereye muri Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Murambi.
Raporo y’inzego z’ubutasi nkuru zo kuva 1991 kugeza 1992, igaragaza uko ibyo bikorwa byateguwe n’imigendekere yabyo. Izindi nyandiko zigaragaza ko mu Gushyingo 1991, Perezida Habyarimana yatanze amabwiriza yo gushyiraho icyo yise “komite ishinzwe umutekano w’abaturage.” Iyi komite mu by’ukuri icyo yakoraga kwari ugutegura Interahamwe zizakora ubwicanyi no kuziha intwaro.
Ku wa 26 Nzeri 1991, umuyobozi w’urwego rw’ubutasi muri Perefegitura ya Byumba, Vincent Rwirahira yasohoye inyandiko yibutsa raporo y’inama y’umutekano yabereye muri su-perefegitura ya Ngarama. Gahunda yayo yari ugusuzuma “kwirwanaho kw’abaturage”. Rwirahira yatangaje ko abitabiriye iyo nama bose bashyigikiye igitekerezo cyo gutoranya mu baturage abagomba guhabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare, bagahabwa intwaro kugira ngo bafashe ingabo guhangana n’uwo bitaga umwanzi.
Inama yasabye ko iki cyifuzo cyashyikirizwa inama y’umutekano itaguye ya Byumba yari iteganyijwe kuba kuwa 27 Nzeri 1991, bukeye bwaho kuri Perefegitura ya Byumba kugira ngo iyemeze burundu.
Mu yindi nyandiko y’amapaji arindwi yanditswe ku wa 7 Gashyantare 1992 igenewe umuyobozi mukuru w’urwego rw’ubutasi, Vincent Rwirahira yagaragaje uko ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho kw’abaturage bizakorwa. Yavuze ko kuri iyo tariki, i Muvumba habaye inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura ya Byumba igamije gusuzuma imikorere yo kwirwanaho kandi ko hafashwe icyemezo cyo guteza imbere ibyo bikorwa byo kwirwanaho hagakwirakwiza izindi ntwaro nyinshi ndetse imyitozo ya gisirikare igenewe abassivili igakomeza.
Rwirahira yibutsa ko Minisiteri y’Ingabo yari yemeye gutanga intwaro 300 zo gukwirakwiza mu baturage b’abasivili, uhereye ku batuye ku mipaka ya Byumba na Ruhengeri. Rwirahira asobanura ko inama yaje kwemeza ko intwaro 180 zizahabwa abatuye Perefegitura ya Byumba kandi ko izindi zagenewe abari muri Ruhengeri.
I Byumba, intwaro zatanzwe muri Komine ya Muvumba ni 76; muri Komine ya Kiyombe hatanzwe 40; muri Komine ya Kivuye hatangwa 40; Komine ya Cyumba hatangwa 24.
Rwirahira avuga ko inama yemeje kandi ko ari ngombwa gushakana ubushishozi abasore 250, bakagenzurirwa hafi n’ababurugumesitiri bafatanyije n’inama z’umutekano za komini zabo. Uru rubyiruko rwagombaga koherezwa mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Gabiro kugira ngo ruhabwe imyitozo ya gisirikare kuva ku wa 20 Mutarama kugeza ku wa 5 Gashyantare 1992, banahabwa intwaro.
Byongeye kandi, inama yemeje ko Komini ya Kiyombe (icyo gihe yari muri Perefegitura ya Byumba ubu ikaba ari mu Karere ka Gicumbi), yinjije abasore 120 bagombaga guhabwa amahugurwa nk’ayo ku Mulindi. Abaturutse muri Komine ya Cyumba bari 72, abo muri Kivuye bo ku nshuro ya mbere bagabanyijwemo amatsinda abiri y’urubyiruko rw’abasore 60 n’abandi 60. Bose bagombaga gutorezwa hafi y’ibiro by’uturere twabo.
Rwirahira yongeye gushimangira ko abagize inama y’umutekano muri Perefegitura ya Byumba bishimiye iyi gahunda yari iyo guca intege umwanzi no gushimangira icyizere hagati y’abaturage n’ingabo.
Ku bijyanye n’imikoranire hagati y’ingabo n’urwo rubyiruko, Rwirahira yavuze ko inama yemeje ko urubyiruko ruzagabanywa mu matsinda atatu azakurikirana buri minsi itatu mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Buri tsinda ryagombaga gukurikiranwa byibuze n’abasirikare babiri aho boherezwa kubungabunga umutekano. Raporo yongeraho ko inshingano z’urwo rubyiruko rushya rwatojwe gisirikari ari ugufatanya n’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu kurwanya umwanzi, kumwirukana ku butaka bw’u Rwanda no mu Gihugu hose, kandi abanzi bafashwe bagashyikirizwa igisirikare.
Ku bijyanye no kwinjiza urwo rubyiruko rw’abasivili mu bikorwa bya gisirikari, Rwirahira avuga ko inama y’umutekano yemeje ko abinjizwa mu gisirikare ari abantu bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 45 kandi bizwi ko bakunda Igihugu. Yagaragaje ko n’abaturage batazatozwa igisirikari bazakomeza gukangurirwa gushyigikira icyo gikorwa kandi ko baziga gukoresha intwaro za gakondo. Inama yaje gutanga amabwiriza yo gukurikirana imigendekere y’iki gikorwa umunsi ku wundi.
Muri raporo yakurikiye, Rwirahira yamenyesheje umuyobozi mukuru w’urwego rukuru rw’ubutasi ko MINADEF yari yamaze guha MININTER intwaro 300 zasabwe kandi ko iyi nkunga yashimwe. Rwirahira yongeyeho ariko ko gutinda kwa MINADEF mu kohereza intwaro bitumvikana kuko Perezida Habyarimana ubwe yari yasabye ko byihutishwa. Kuri Rwirahira, gutinda gutanga izo ntwaro byagaragazaga ko muri MINADEF harimo abakorana n’umwanzi.
Ku wa 20 Mutarama 1992, Minisitiri w’Umutekano, Faustin Munyazesa, yoherereje abaperefe ba Ruhengeri na Gisenyi ibaruwa ibasaba ko bafatanya n’abayobozi b’ingabo b’izo perefegitura kandi bakagisha inama ku buryo bwo gukwirakwiza intwaro no gutanga imyitozo ya gisirikare mu basore batoranyijwe.
Yabasabye gukurikirana iki gikorwa, kukigira icyabo no kumumenyesha imigendekere yacyo bakoresheje fax. Abaperefe bagombaga kumumenyesha uburyo bwo gushaka abahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikari n’uburyo batozwamo. Minisitiri Munyazesa yatanze inama yo gufata ingamba zihagije kugira ngo intwaro zitayobywa zikajyanwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye n’ibyo zigenewe byo gushakishwa umwanzi no kumuhashya.
Ku rwego rwa Minisiteri y’Ingabo, hashyizweho kandi komisiyo yiswe “ubwirinzi bw’abaturage” ishinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iki gikorwa. Komisiyo yari igizwe na Lt Col Ephrem Rwabalinda; Major Paul Rwarakabije, Major Alphonse Nteriryayo; na Kankwanzi Ruth, wari n’umucungamari muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo icyo gihe.
Amakuru yerekana ko gukwirakwiza intwaro mu baturage yari gahunda ya Perezida Habyarimana we ubwe. Urugero ni inyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku ya 9 Nyakanga 1991 yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo yari iyobowe na Minisitiri w’Umutekano w’Imbere mu gihugu, Gen Augustin Ndindiriyimana.
Iyi nama yahuje abayobozi bo mu nzego z’ubutasi za gisirikare na Perezidansi. Abayitabiriye ni Lt Col Laurent Rutayisire, G2 (serivisi y’ubutasi) muri Jandarumori y’Igihugu; Lt Col Ephrem Rwabalinda, G3 mu ngabo z’u Rwanda; Umuyobozi w’Umujandarume Pierre-Claver Karangwa, ushinzwe serivisi y’ubutasi rusange muri jandarumori; Justin Munyaneza, umukozi w’ibiro bikuru by’iperereza (SCR); Ephrem Ndangamira, umukozi wa SCR; Lt -Injeniyeri Grégoire Rutakamize, umwanditsi w’inama.
Inyandikomvugo y’iyi nama yerekana ko kuri gahunda y’umunsi hariho gusuzuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihuse ry’icyifuzo cya Perezida wa Repubulika kijyanye n’ubwirinzi bw’Igihugu. Perezida wa Repubulika yari yabitegetse muri aya magambo ati « Abaturage bagomba kubona ibikoresho bisobanutse kandi bihagije byo kurinda umutekano w’Igihugu ku buryo nta muntu uzongera gutinyuka gutera Igihugu ».
Inama yemeje ko uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda ya Perezida Habyarimana bwari buhari kuko abaturage benshi bari urubyiruko.Igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho imiterere y’urwo rubyiruko rwaje kwitwa “Interahamwe” kiragaragazwa neza n’imyanzuro y’iyo nama.
Hari Umupolisi wo mu Ngabo z’u Bubiligi wari muri MINUAR wari ashinzwe gukurikirana buri munsi ibintu byose byaberaga mu Rwanda no gutanga raporo ku bamukuriye. Raporo ya Sena y’u Bubiligi yo mu 1997 yavuze ku ruhare rw’icyo gihugu muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yagaragaje ko Lt Nees wari ufite izo nshingano, yoherereje Ibiro by’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Bubiligi raporo 29 z’ibyaberaga mu Rwanda kuva ku ya 19 Mutarama kugeza Ku ya 11 Werurwe 1994, akaba yaraje gusimburwa na Lt De Cuyper.
Sena y’u Bubiligi imaze gusoma no gusesengura raporo Lieutenant Nees yoherezaga buri munsi, yemeje ko Nees yatanze ibimenyetso, umunsi ku wundi, ku byo yabonaga mu Rwanda bijyanye na gahunda yateguwe na Leta y’u Rwanda yo gutsemba Abatutsi. Lieutenant Nees yasobanuye ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zarwanyije imishyikirano y’amahoro ya Arusha kandi ko we ubwe yagiye asoma inyandiko zitandukanye zandikwaga n’abofisiye b’u Rwanda zishimangira iyi mitekerereze.
Aya makuru yemejwe na Col Walter Balis, umwe mu ba-ofisiye b’ingabo z’u Bubiligi wari muri MINUAR, ubwo yaganiraga na Sena y’u Bubiligi mu mwaka wa 1997 ; uyu akaba yarasubiyemo ayo magambo ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya mu mwaka wa 2007 muri Komisiyo yitiriwe Mucyo mu mwaka wa 2007.
Ku wa 29 Werurwe 1993, Gen Deogratias Nsabimana, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, yayoboye inama yakozwe rwihishwa yo kwihutisha ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho kw’abaturage, byari bigamije gushishikariza abaturage b’Abahutu kwica Abatutsi no kubaha ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo babashe gukora ubwicanyi.
Muri iyi nama yahuje abayobozi bo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo, abayobozi b’imitwe ya politiki yari yibumbiye muri Hutu-Power, Impuzamugambi n’Interahamwe, hemejwe ko intwaro zigomba gukomeza gutangwa mu baturage kandi zikazakoreshwa mu bwicanyi.
Iyi nama y’ibanga cyane yagarutsweho muri raporo y’abadepite b’u Bufaransa bayobowe na Paul Quiles mu 1998 aho basobanuye bashingiye ku nyandiko z’ibanga zatanzwe na Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Bufaransa, ko iyo nama yabaye mu ibanga rikomeye kandi ko Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa yari ifite inyandikomvugo yayo.
Iyi raporo y’abadepite b’u Bufaransa yashimangiye ko igikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza intwaro mu Nterahamwe cyari cyaramenyekanishijwe ku wa 22 Mutarama 1992 muri telegaramu yoherejwe na Col Bernard Cussac wari umuyobozi mukuru muri ambasade y’u Bufaransa i Kigali aho yari ashinzwe ibijyanye n’ubufatanye bwa gisirikare hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa.
Muri telegaramu ye yo ku wa 22 Mutarama 1992, Col Cussac yari yarerekanye ko mu by’ukuri ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro ryayobowe na Minisitiri w’Umutekano n’Iterambere ry’Icyaro Faustin Munyazesa kandi ko ryakorewe muri perefegitura zo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu, ari zo Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba; intwaro zigahabwa abagabo n’abasore batoranyijwe n’abayobozi mu gihe imyitozo yo kuzikoresha yatanzwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, Col Cussac yemeje ko hari ubufatanye budasanzwe hagati y’abayobozi ba guverinoma, abayobozi b’inzegi z’ibanze, abayobozi b’ingabo n’Interahamwe ; yanzura ko Interahamwe nta gushidikanya zizakoresha izo ntwaro mu kwica abantu.
Inyandiko yo ku ya 21 Nzeri 1992 ivuga ko Abatutsi ari abanzi b’Igihugu cyabo ni yo yashingiweho mu gukora intonde z’abantu bagomba kwicwa, zakoreshejwe n’abicanyi muri Jenoside. Jean Birara wahoze ari Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, yahaye umunyamakuru w’Umubiligi Marie France CROS, ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1994, ubuhamya butanga umucyo kuri izi ntonde we ubwe yari afite.
Ati, « Urutonde rw’abantu bagomba gutsembwa rwariho amazina 60 mu mpera za 1992, amazina aza kugera kuri 500 muri Mata 1993. Ku wa 20 Gashyantare 1994, saa sita, mubyara wanjye Jenerali Nsabimana, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda yanyeretse urutonde rw’amazina 1.500 y’abagomba kwicwa bo muri Kigali yonyine. »
Kuva mu 1993, ishyirahamwe Amasasu ryashinze amashami mu bigo byose bya gisirikare, uhereye ku mitwe ikomeye nka batayo ya para-commando yayoborwaga na Major Aloys Ntabakuze, ukomoka muri Komini ya Karago (Gisenyi); Batayo y’abarasa indege yayoborwaga na Lt Col Stanislas Hakizimana, ukomoka mu Ruhengeri; Batayo y’iperereza ry’imbere mu Gihugu yayoborwaga na Major François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye, ukomoka muri Komini ya Musasa (Kigali-Ngari), wari wungirijwe na Capt Innocent Sagahutu (Cyangugu).
Hari kandi Batayo y’abarinda Umukuru w’Igihugu, iyobowe na Major Protais Mpiranya (Gisenyi); Batayo y’ingabo zirwanira mu misozi iyobowe na Major Aloys Mutabera; Batayo ya “military”, iyobowe na Major Joël Bararwerekana, ukomoka muri komini ya Mukingo (Ruhengeri); n’abandi.
Mu matsinda ya Jandarumori y’Igihugu, habaye inama nk’izo, uhereye ku matsinda afite abajandarume benshi nk’ Ikigo gikuru cya Jandarumori cyakoreraga ku Kacyiru cyayoborwaga na Lt Col Jean-Marie Vianney Nzapfakumunsi; Ishami ry’abashinzwe ubugenzuzi (groupe mobile) ryayoborwaga na Lt Col Laurent Munyakazi; Ishami ry’ubutabazi ryayoborwaga na Major Juvénal Murangira;Ishami ry’ubugenzuzi n’ubutasi bwa Jandarumori ryayoborwaga na Major Damien Burakari.
Hari kandi Ikigo cya Jandarumori y’Igihugu (Egena) cyayoborwaga na Major Augustin Budura; Ikigo cya Ruhengeri cyayoborwaga na Major Emmanuel Munyawera; Ikigo cya Gisenyi cyayoborwaga na Major Apollinaire Biganiro; Ikigo cya Kibuye cyayoborwaga na Major Jean-Baptiste Jabo; Ikigo cya rya Butare cyayoborwaga na Major Cyriaque Habyarabatuma; Ikigo cya Rwamagana cyayoborwaga na Major Havugiyaremye; Ikigo cya Gikongoro cyayoborwaga na Major Christophe Bizimungu, akunganirwa na Kapiteni Sebuhura Faustin, intagondwa yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yagize uruhare muri Jenoside n’Ikigo cya Cyangugu cyayoborwaga na Major Vincent Munyarugerero.
Muri rusange, izi nama zigishaga abasirikare n’abajandarume uburyo bwo kwitegura igitero cya nyuma cyo kwikiza Abatutsi n’umunyapolitiki uwo ari we wese ushyigikiraga guhuza ingabo n’amasezerano ya Arusha muri rusange.
Ikindi kimenyetso cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside yaranze abanyamuryango b’ishyirahamwe Amasasu, ni ibaruwa yo ku ya 2 Ukuboza 1994 yanditswe n’umuyobozi w’Umubiligi wari ushinzwe umutekano yerekanaga ko abanyamuryango b’iri shyirahamwe baburiye Perezida Habyarimana ko « Gusinya Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Arusha kizaba ikimenyetso cy’intege nke kuri we kandi bizashyira iherezo ku buzima bwe. »
Gushishikariza abasirikari kudashyigikira guhuza ingabo, byakurikiwe no kwica urusorongo abasirikare bake b’Abatutsi bari mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Bamwe bapfuye bazize uburozi, abandi barashimutwa. Nko mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Kanombe, umwe mu bungirije Major Ntabakuze, Lieutenant Sylvestre Nzabonariba yarashe mugenzi we w’Umututsi amurasira mu maso y’abandi basirikari.
Urupfu rw’uyu musirikare rwakomojweho ku ya 6 Mata 2004 mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwa Arusha (ICTR) mu rubanza rwa Major Ntabakuze waroboraga Abaparakomando mu Kigo cya Kanombe. Kugeza ubu, Lt Nzabonariba afungiye muri Gereza ya Mulindi kandi yemeye ko iki cyaha yagikoze koko.
Muri perefegitura z’amajyaruguru y’igihugu, cyane cyane Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, ubwicanyi bwinshi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwakozwe hagati ya 1990 na 1993 n’abasirikare n’abajandarume ntihagira n’umwe uhanwa. Abatutsi kandi barafashwe bicirwa mu bigo bya gisirikare bya Mukamira, Bigogwe no mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Gisenyi.
Mu 1993, abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi basezerewe muri kaminuza ya Mudende, mu gihe bamwe mu Bahutu batari bashyigikiye amashyaka y’abahezanguni ya Hutu Power bahohotewe bagerageza kurengera Abatutsi. Abagogwe bari barahunze bava ku misozi yabo bagahungira mu nkike z’iyo kaminuza na bo barishwe. Nyuma y’ibi bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi, ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza ya Mudende bwafashe icyemezo cyo kuyifunga by’agateganyo ku wa 10 Gashyantare 1993 maze busaba abanyeshuri gutaha.
Mu nzira bataha, bamwe mu banyeshuri bamaganwe na bagenzi babo babita ibyitso bya FPR. Bahagaritswe kuri bariyeri yariho abasirikare, bavanwa mu modoka hanyuma bajyanwa mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Mukamira aho bakorewe iyicarubozo. Bamwe barahapfiriye.
Mu buhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokotse ubwo bugizi bwa nabi, bamwe bavuze ko abanyeshuri biciwe muri icyo kigo imbere y’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda muri kiriya gihe. Raporo y’ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ryaharaniraga uburenganzira bwa muntu (l’Association rwandaise pour la défense des droits de la personne et des libertés publiques, ADL) yasohotse muri Werurwe 1993, igaragaza ko ubwo bwicanyi bwatangiye muri Werurwe 1991 buyobowe n’umuyobozi wa Komini Mutura Bakiye Jean Berchmas, aho iyi kaminuza yari iherereye.
Uyu yafatanyaga n’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Bigogwe. Muri icyo gihe, abanyeshuri batandatu barapfuye abandi barakomereka bikabije. Twabibutsa kandi ko no mu Kwakira 1990, hari abanyeshuri bafunzwe bazira akarengane, barimo Umugogwe Célestin Parimehutu, ukomoka muri komini ya Mutura.
Ku bijyanye n’ubwicanyi bwakozwe mu 1993 muri iyo kaminuza ya Mudende, birakwiye ko twifashisha ubuhamya bw’ababurokotse, harimo ubw’uwitwa Jérôme Nyagatare, ukomoka muri komini ya Murama (Gitarama).
Dufite kopi y’ubuhamya bwanditse yatanze ku wa 9 Werurwe 1993 ubwo yari avuye muri kasho iherereye mu Kigo cya Gisirikari cya Mukamira. Yatawe muri yombi n’abasirikare maze akurwa ku gahato mu modoka yarimo hamwe n’abandi banyeshuri ubwo yavaga i Mudende ajya i Kigali.
Yagize ati « Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abagogwe mu 1991, abayobozi ba Komini Mutura ntibahagaritse ubwo bwicanyi. Bakomeje kubiba urwango n’amacakubiri mu baturage bagamije kubakangurira kwica. Ubu bwicanyi bwibasiye cyane cyane Abagogwe bo muri iyo komine bari bakennye cyane kuko bari baratereranwe. Bibasiye kandi abandi Banyarwanda bari mu mashyaka ya politiki atari MRND na CDR. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mutarama 1993, Abatutsi barahohotewe. Byarateguwe bishyirwa mu bikorwa muri yo komine. Abagore benshi n’abana bahungiye muri Kaminuza ya Mudende. Amazu menshi yarasenyutse. Inka zarasahuwe ziraribwa.
Urwitwazo rw’ubwo bwicanyi ni isubukurwa ry’imirwano mu gice cya Ruhengeri. Kuva butangiye, abaturage b’inzirakarengane bongeye kwibasirwa, bicwa nta tandukaniro rishyizwe hagati y’abakuze n’impinja bikozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’amakomine. Abarokotse ubwicanyi ku misozi bahungiye muri Kaminuza ya Mudende. Abenshi muri bo baje bakomeretse bikabije kandi bakeneye kuvurwa.
Ni yo mpamvu nshishikariza imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikorera mu Rwanda, amashyirahamwe yose yita ku batishoboye ndetse na komisiyo yashyizweho na guverinoma ishinzwe iperereza ku bwicanyi bwakorewe abaturage muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba, kwihutira gukurikirana iki kibazo. Birakenewe kwihutira gufasha imiryango ifite beneyo bishwe cyangwa baburiwe irengero kuko ibayeho nabi muri iki gihe. »
Yakomeje agira ati « Hagomba gutangizwa mu maguru mashya iperereza kuri Burugumesitiri Bakiye agakurikiranwa mu butabera kubera uruhare yagize muri ubwo bwicanyi. Ku wa 10 Gashyantare 1993, mu cyumweru kibanziriza ibiruhuko, umuyobozi wa kaminuza yaraduteranije maze atubwira ibi bikurikira: “Ambasade zacu zatugiriye inama yo gufunga kaminuza by’agateganyo kubera umutekano muke n’intambara byiganje mu karere. Ndabasaba gukusanya ibintu byanyu vuba kuko imodoka ziza kubatwara uyu munsi, nyuma ya saa sita cyangwa ejo mu gitondo.”
Abanyeshuri bari benshi ku buryo kubatwara byasabye iminsi ibiri. Iki cyemezo nticyashimishije abantu bose, cyane cyane abanyeshuri b’abarwanashyaka ba MRND-CDR babavuze ku mugaragaro ko kigamije kurinda Abatutsi no kuborohereza kujya mu buhungiro. Ndabamenyesha ko aba banyeshuri b’intagondwa bo muri MRND na CDR bari bakoze urutonde rw’abanyeshuri 42 bagombaga kwicwa.
Navuye muri kaminuza ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1993 mu modoka ya Onatracom yatwaraga abanyeshuri ibajyana i Kigali. Indi modoka ya minibus yatwaye abajya i Gitarama, Butare n’ahandi. Ngeze ku Mukamira, bisi narimo – kubera ko nari ngiye i Kigali – yahagaze ahari hari bariyeri y’abasirikari. Umwe muri bo yaje agira ati: “Jérôme Nyagatare, nasohoke n’ivalisi ye!” Naratitiye kubera ubwoba. Nahise nibuka amarorerwa yakorewe umugore witwa Fatuma wishwe ndeba kuri uwo muhanda, yishwe n’abo basirikare. Uwo musirikare yari arakaye. Yazengurutse imodoka avuga ati: “Nyagatare ni nde? Nyagatare ni nde? ” Ubwoba nari mfite bwahise bunshiramo ndamwiyereka. Uyu musirikare yari afite inkoni mu ntoki, yankubise mu mutwe ankura muri bisi bunyamaswa.
Nyuma yaho, minibus yari inyuma yacu yarahageze irahagarara. Yari itwawe n’umuyobozi wa Adra Saws witwaga Wilkens. Wilkens yatangajwe n’amaraso yatembaga cyane mu gahanga kanjye aho umusirikare yari yankomerekeje. Yafashe umwanzuro wo gukurikira abo basirikare bombi banjyanaga mu modoka yabo berekeza mu kigo cya Mukamira. Twakoze urugendo rw’iminota 15 kugira ngo tugereyo. Tugezeyo, nakiriwe n’umusirikare ufite ipeti rya Liyetona wambaye amadarubindi yijimye. Hanyuma yansomeye ibirego nashinjwaga: “Umuyobozi wa Komini Mutura ashinja Jérôme Nyagatare ubufatanyacyaha n’inyeshyamba za FPR, abishingira ku kuba yarakoze muri kaminuza no hanze yayo amatsinda y’abantu barimo gutegura umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi buriho; kuba yarakusanyije, akoresheje radiyo afite, amakuru mu Gihugu hose kugira ngo ayashyikirize abayobozi ba FPR; kuba yaramenye aho intwaro n’amasasu yabo bihishe muri Ruhengeri.
Liyetona ntiyigeze ampa akanya na gato ko kugira icyo mvuga. Yahise atanga itegeko ko banjyana muri kasho idasanzwe. Nagize ubwoba bwinshi kuko, imbere ya kasho, hari abasirikare barakaye barimo barakubita undi muntu ushinjwa kuba icyitso cya FPR. Muri ako kanya uwo muntu yapfiriye mu maso yanjye. Nagize ubwoba, numva urupfu rwanjye rwegereje. Banzanye muri kasho. Ijoro ryose ryabaye nk’inzira y’umusaraba kuri njye. Abasirikare bansimburanagaho bankubita imigeri, inkoni, ibibando, bantera ubwoba bambwira ko bagaruka kunyica.
Ku wa 13 Gashyantare 1993, ahagana mu ma saa tatu, umusirikare wari ufite ipeti rya Major yampamagaye mu biro bye. Uyu wari umwanya wo kumuha ibisobanuro bijyanye n’ibirego by’ibinyoma nashinjwaga. Mvuye mu biro bye, sinongeye guterwa ubwoba uwo munsi wo kuwa 13 na 14 Gashyantare. Namenye ko byatewe n’uko ikibazo cyanjye cyamenywe n’abayobozi bakuru i Kigali. Bari bazi ko nafashwe mpohotewe kandi bari batangiye guhamagara abayobozi ba gisirikare b’Ikigo cya Mukamira basaba ko ntagirirwa nabi. Iriya kasho yitwaga ko idasanzwe yo mu Kigo cya Mukamira yaberagamo amahano menshi.
Ku wa 15 Gashyantare 1993, Liyetona navuze haruguru wambaraga amadarubindi yijimye yaraje. Yankuye muri kasho anshyira mu modoka ya gisirikare yansubije muri Kaminuza ya Mudende.
Ku munsi nafatiwemo, ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1993, igihe imodoka nari ndimo yahagaritswe kuri bariyeri ya Mukamira, abo basirikare bari bafite urutonde basomamo amazina y’abagombaga kuva muri bisi. Mu bafashwe harimo abo muri komini ya Mutura. Babwiwe ko nta mpamvu bafite yo kujya i Kigali. Abavanywe muri bisi basubijwe muri kaminuza ya Mudende. Amazina yabo ni Alphonse Nkunzurwanda, wigaga mu ishami ry’imicungire y’imari (gestion) (deuxième après le baccalauréat) ;Célestin Parimehutu, wo mu ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’uburezi (première année après le baccalauréat) ;Ézéchiel, wo mu ishami ry’imicungire y’imari “gestion” (première année après le baccalauréat) ;Emmanuel, wo mu ishami ry’imicungire y’imari (première année après le baccalauréat) ;Murumuna wa Ezekiyeli.
Bukeye bwaho, ku wa 13 Gashyantare 1993 saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba, abasirikare umunani bagiye muri kaminuza. Bashakaga kwinjira ku ngufu ariko abazamu barababuza. Babateye ubwoba babakangisha kubarasa. Abazamu bagize ubwoba bakingura urugi. Intego y’abo basirikare ntabwo yari iyo gufata abanyeshuri gusa, bashakishaga n’umupasiteri w’itorero ry’Abadiventisti wari umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza ushinzwe serivisi zihabwa abanyeshuri, André Mujyarugamba, ukomoka muri Gitarama (Komini Murama).
Pasiteri ntabwo yari iwe. Bamusanze mu rusengero aho yasezeranyaga abageni. Binjiye mu rusengero rwuzuye batinya kumuhagarika. Bahisemo guhamagara abanyeshuri batatu: Alphonse Nkunzurwanda, Célestin Parimehutu na Emmanuel. Abandi banyeshuri babiri bashoboye kubahunga rwihishwa banyuze hagati y’inyubako za kaminuza. Aba banyeshuri bose bari Abagogwe, bakomoka muri Komini ya Mutura. Bari abaseribateri, usibye Parimehutu wari wubatse afite n’umwana umwe. Mu 1991, yafunzwe amezi atandatu ashinjwa ngo kuba icyitso cya FPR, afunganwa n’abandi bantu (umubare wabo urenga 8.000, bose bafunzwe bashinjwa ibintu bimwe) »
Kugeza Nyagatare atanga ubu buhamya, yaba abayobozi ba kaminuza n’imiryango y’abo banyeshuri, nta wari wakamenye irengero ryabo.
Ikigaragara ni uko ubu buhamya bwatanzwe na Jérôme Nyagatare bwerekana urwango n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yabaga mu basirikare b’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana kandi yari yarashinze imizi mu bayobozi bakuru b’ingabo na jandarumori.
Ku wa 21 Gashyantare 1994, Col Bagosora yanditse muri ajenda ye (yavumbuwe mu bubiko bwe i Kigali muri Nyakanga 1994) ko hakenewe byihutirwa « urutonde rw’inkeragutabara » mu rwego rwo kunoza gahunda y’intambara na jenoside. Muri icyo gihe, raporo za MINUAR zagaragazaga umugambi w’itsinda ry’abagizi ba nabi bafitanye ubushuti n’abari mu butegetsi barimo Bagosora, wo gutsemba Abatutsi n’abavuga rikumvikana bo mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
Icyo gihe kandi muri komine zitandukanye habaye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi. Abatutsi bari bibasiwe n’ubwicanyi muri komini zitandukanye z’Igihugu. Ubwo bwicanyi bwakozwe n’abasirikare, abajandarume, Interahamwe za MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR.
Ku wa 30 Werurwe 1994, ishyirahamwe CLADHO ryasohoye itangazo ryamagana ibitero byagabwe n’abasirikare, barimo abashinzwe umutekano wa Perezida Habyarimana ndetse n’Interahamwe, CLADHO yongera gusaba muri iri tangazo ko hafatwa ingamba zo guhana abasirikare bagize uruhare muri ibyo bitero, ndetse no kwambura intwaro imitwe yitwara gisirikare. Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwasuzuguye ubusabe bwa CLADHO, bukomeza imyiteguro yo gutsemba Abatutsi.
Ku wa 4 Mata 1994, mu muhango waberaga muri Hotel Méridien i Kigali, Col Bagosora yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko adashyigikiye Amasezerano y’Amahoro yasinyiwe i Arusha kandi ko Perezida atagomba kujya i Dar-es -Salaam gusinyira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburyo Guverinoma igomba kujyaho ndetse amasezerano ya Arusha yose agashyirwa mu bikorwa. Col. Bagosora yongeyeho ko Perezida Habyarimana azaraswa kandi urupfu rwe ruzakurikirwa na Jenoside izakorerwa Abatutsi. Aya makuru yatanzwe n’abatangabuhamya babyiyumviye, babibonye, barimo Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi mu rubanza rwe mu rukiko rwa gisirikare. Yashyizwe muri kopi y’urubanza rwe muri aya magambo:
“Ku wa 11 Nzeri 2006, Urukiko rwatangiye iburanisha rusaba Gen Maj Laurent Munyakazi gusobanura amagambo ye igihe yavugaga ko imyitwarire ya Koloneli Bagosora na Liyetona-koloneli Renzaho isa n’iy’Interahamwe. Gen Maj Munyakazi yasobanuye ko ku wa 4 Mata 1994, Col Bagosora wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo, ubwo bari mu birori byabereye muri Hoteli Meridien i Kigali, yavuze amagambo akomeye agaragaza ko yitegura gutsemba Abatutsi. Bagosora yatangaje ko arwanya Amasezerano ya Arusha kandi ko atumva impamvu zayo nubwo yashyizweho umukono na Perezida wa Repubulika na FPR. Yavuze ko adashaka ko Perezida wa Repubulika ajya muri Tanzaniya kandi ko indege ye izaraswa.
Nyuma yo kumva amagambo yavuzwe na Bagosora, Gen Maj Munyakazi, umusirikare wo ku rwego rwo hejuru, yahisemo gukora raporo y’ibanga yashyikirije umuyobozi mukuru wa Jandarumori, amumenyesha ko harimo harategurwa ubwicanyi buzibasira Abatutsi ndetse n’igitero kizagabwa ku ndege ya Perezida Habyarimana. Gen Maj Munyakazi yagaragarije Urukiko ko iyi raporo yahawe na Sagatwa wamuhamagaye kuri telefoni amusaba kuza kubisobanura kuri Perezidansi. Agezeyo, Gen Maj Munyakazi yabwiye Perezida Habyarimana amagambo yavuzwe na Col Bagosora mu ruhame.
Perezida Habyarimana yamubajije niba hari undi musirikare mukuru wabyumvise. Gen Maj Munyakazi yasubije ko Lt Col Nzabanita wari uzwi ku izina rya “Dictionnaire” yabyumvise kandi ko ashobora kubihamya. Perezida Habyarimana yamubwiye ko ayo makuru ayazi, ariko amusaba kutagira umuntu uwo ari we wese ayabwira, yaba uwo mu ngabo cyangwa jandarumori. »
Indi nkuru wasoma: https://rushyashya.net/uruhare-rwa-perezida-habyarimana-mu-itegurwa-nishyirwa-mu-bikorwa-rya-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi/
Yanditswe na Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène
