Amateka ya Nyakwigendera  Mazimpaka  Patrick  guhera u Rwanda rwabona ubwigenge .

Patrick Kayumbu Mazimhaka yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Rusororo  kuri uyu kabiri tari 30 Mutarama 2018 mu muhango witabiriwe n’umuryango, inshuti n’abavandimwe ndetse n’abo bakoranye mu mirimo itandukanye.

Mpazimpaka wahoze ayobora komisiyo y’afurika yunze ubumwe   yari mubaharaniye ko urwanda ruba igihugu kigenga kandi yari no mu munsi mukuru wa mbere u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge ku itariki 1 Nyakanga 1962  mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya gitarama .

Nyuma  yo guhunga igihugu yaje kubona umwanya ukomeye ni  nyuma y’inkundura y’ubwigenge aba umuyobozi wungirije wa RPF (Rwanda Patriotic Front)

Patrick Mazimhaka  akiriho yigeze kuvuga ko u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge 1 Nyakanga mu, 1962 yarafite imyaka 14 y’amavuko yiga mu ishuri ryisumbuye  I shyogwe muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama , iryo shuri riherereye mu birometrero bike mu burasirazuba bwa Kabgayi hafi yaho umwamikazi Kankazi yari atuye  muri Bukinakwavu.

Yakomeje avuga ko mu kigo yigagamo n’ibindi byari bituriye Gitarama  byose byitabiriye umunsi wo kubohora igihugu  barora ibirori birimo kwiyerekana (parades) imikino ngororamubiri, ibyino gakondo n’indirimbo zizihizaga umunsi w’ubwigenge.

Akomeza avuga ko icyo gihe yabonaga imbere ye mu uwo munsi mukuru w’ubwigenge wari utangijwe ku mugaragaro  abanyepolitike n’abasirikare,murabo  ko harimo Perezida Kayibanda  n’Abaminisitiri,  Abofisiye ba mbere bari bagize itsinda [ young national forces ] harimo  Juvenal Habyarimana na  Alexis Kanyarengwe.

Mu mwaka  1961, iwabo mu rugo  mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda hari haratwitswe  abatusi n’inzirakarengane batangira kwicwa  abandi batwikirwa inzu abo zidatwitse zigasenywa abandi bakwa imitungo yabo,niwo ababyeyi be bafashe icyemezo cyo guhunga

Yakomeje avuga ko igihe habaga umunsi mukuru w’ubwigenge Atari akigira aho  ataha kandi ngo ntiyagiraga naho akura ubundi bufasha ndetse no kugira ikizere cy’aho byava ,mu bitekerezo bye  yatekereje yabonaga kuri we kwizihiza ubwigenge ntacyo bimubwiye .

Mazimpaka yishyize hamwe n’abanyeshuri bagenzi be  bari bafite imiryango yabo yahungiye mu Bugesera  hanze y’igihugu muri Tanzaniya ,Burundi na Uganda yahunze mu 1959 .

Yakomeje avuga ko uwabafashije kwambuka umupaka Rev. Eustache Kajuga witabye imana (RIP)  yabarengeje umupaka abageza  mu nkambi bongera kubonana n’abavandimwe babapo bari baraburanye ntakizere cyo kuzongera kubabona ariko ku bwamahirwe make baje kumuhitana yishwe n’abajenosideri  hamwe n’umuryango we ,yemeye kwitangira abo bana b’abatutsi , abatutsi bakijijwe na rev. hamwe na Mazimpaka bakavuga ko batazibagirwa ineza yabagiriye  ko yabahaye umurongo w’ubuzima.

Kubona ubwigenge ku Rwanda byasobanuraga ikimenyesho cyo kurahira bamwe mu bahutu babibonaga nk’urumuri rw’iterambere  abandi bakabona ko ari igihe cyo kwikubira byatangiye baha akazi keza abahutu, buruse zo kwiga ,amahirwe y’ishoramari,

Abatutsi bo babibonaga nk’aho isi ibarangiriyeho nta kizere bafite cyo kubaho  nibwo abahunze bafashe umwanya batekereza ku cyatuma bagaruka mu Rwanda babona ko bazagaruka mu mahoro cyangwa ingufu za gisirikare, aho bari batangiye kumva ko bazaterwa n’inyenzi bo bari bafite umugambi wo kugaruka mu Rwanda .

Ababiligi bagerageje gusobanura ko Abatutsi ari bo bari bafite ubwenge, ubushobozi bwo kuyobora ndetse banafite ubwenge kugirango Abahutu bahorane ipfunwe ryo guhora bumva ko bakandamijwe ndetse batanafite ijambo mu miyoborere no mu buzima bw’ igihugu.

Muri za 1960, abakoloni bakimara kugera kuri iyo ntego bari barihaye, ubwo bwoko bwahise bushyirwa mu ndangamuntu maze urwikekwe rutaha mu mitima y’ Abanyarwanda ariko na none Abatutsi benshi bari ku butegetsi bafatanyije n’ Abahutu bacye bahise bagira ishyaka rikomeye ryo kwirukana umubiligi no gusaba ubwigenge.

Kubera iki bakomeje gushyigikira jenoside guhera mu1959 ubwo ababirigi ntacyo bigeze bakora kugeza mu 1994. Umufirozofe w’umufaransa Bertrand Russell  yagaragaje ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside 1959 ariko umuryango w’abibumbye ntiwabyitaho.

Intego y’umuryango w’abibumbye byari uguhagararira  gutorwa kw’itegekonshinga  n’amatora rusange 1961 ,

Ariko ntibyabujije abatutsi gupfa  abandi bagahunga bagatwikirwa n’ibyabo. Umuryango w’abibumbye ukivuga ko hategerejwe amatora.

Ku gihe cya cy’abanyamuryango ba  UNAR bari bazi ko ubwigenge ari ubwa abahutu n’abatutsi.

Kuwa 28 Mutarama 1961,mu nteko yateraniye ahahoze hitwa i Gitarama ubu ni i Muhanga, habereye amatora y’amashyaka intsinzi yegukanwa PARMEHUTU na l’APROSOMA bishyira hamwe,hakurikiyeho Cout d’Etat i Gitarama, kuwa 25 Nzeri 1961 imyivumbagatono yarakomeje,nyuma haza kuba amatora PARMEHUTU yegukana intsinzi n’amanota 78.9%..

Kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1962 ,u Rwanda rwahawe Ubwihenge ayo matariki twavuze haruguru niyo afatwa nk’inkingi z’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda , Fête de la Démocratie, Kamarampaka ,ukaba wari wo munsi nyirizina w’ ubwigenge.

N’ubwo abanyarwanda bari babonye ubwigenge ,ntibyagenze neza kuko haje kujyaho politike mbi yaje kubiba amacakubiri mu banyarwanda aho Abatutsi bavanywe mu myanya y’ubuyobozi ndetse bakanirukanwa mu gihugu bityo bafata inzira y’ubuhunzi.

Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bwarakomeje.

Guhirika ku butegetsi  yo kuwa 05 Nyakanga yakurikiwe na poropaganda zo kubeshya zari zigamije kwizeza ko Habyarimana yari amaze kurokoka umugambi wo kumwivugana wari ugiye gushyirirwa mu bikorwa mu rugo kwa Kayibanda, kandi ko n’abandi basirikare bakuru bakomoka mu majyaruguru bari ku rutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa..

Guhirika ku butegetsi ko muri 1973 nibyo byabaye nyirabayazana w’inzika zabaye hagati y’Abiswe Abanyenduga n’abiswe Abakiga. Nyuma yayo, ibyiza by’igihugu byinshi byikubiwe n’abantu bakomokaga mu turere twa Gisenyi na Ruhengeri cyangwa rimwe na rimwe Byumba.

Ibi byatumye mu by’ukuri Abanyarwanda batumva ko bafite uruhare rungana ku gihugu ku buryo byagize ingaruka mu gihe cy’intambara yatangijwe n’inkotanyi mu kwezi kwa 10 umwaka wa 1990.

Kimwe mu byagaragazaga ubwigenge ukwishyirira hamwe kw’abanyarwanda  muri Uganda ku buyobozi bwa Uganda kuri manda ya kabiri Ya obote 1980,ubwo yabonaga urubyiruko ryinjira mu gisirikare cya NRA cya Museveni cyamurwanyaga.

Nk’uwari umuyoboziushinzwe imibereho  y’impunzi  nagiye kureba Milton Obote mu  1980  mu munsi mukuru bw’abanyarwanda ,bari mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza ,Obote yafashe ijambo muri Iganga ko agiye gutera abanyarwanga ko bamutera ikibazo,yongera kuvugira muri masaka mu magambo asa nayo yari yavuze mbere .

Mu wu 1974 ni bwo yiyemeje kureka amashuri ye, ajya muri Tanzaniya mu myitozo ya gisirikare na politike. Mu wi 1976, yerekeje mu gihugu cya Mozambike, ari kumwe n’abandi mu mutwe wa FRONASA bafashwa na Mwalimu Julius Nyerere ufatwa nk’intwari yabohoye igihugu cya Tanzania.Ni umwe mu basore batangije inzira yo kubohora Afrika yepfo ndeste na Uganda.  Mu wa 1979 yari mu bagaba ba FRONASA mu ntambara yavanyeho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Idi Amin mu gihugu cya Uganda.

Mu wa 1981, hamwe n’abandi basore 27, barimo Abanyarwanda babiri Rwigema Fred na Paul Kagame, batangiranye na Kaguta Museveni intambara yo kurwanya igitugu cya Milton Obote wayoboraga Uganda icyo gihe.

Kuva muri 1985, Fred Rwigema yar umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba NRA, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi mu gihugu cya Uganda. Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye mu gisirikare cya Uganda. Yabaye Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo , Minisitiri wungirije w’Ingabo, n’Umugaba Mukuru ushinzwe imirwano.

Niho yaboneye umwanya wo gukomeza gutegura intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda. Ni umwe mu ngabo zahawe imidali y’ishimwe na presida wa Uganda kuba yaratanze umusanzu mu kurengera icyo gihugu.