Muri Referandumu yabaye kuwa 23/06/2017, Abongereza bahisemo kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi, Iki cyemezo cyakiriwe mu buryo butandukanye kandi cyivugwaho byinshi ariko uko bimeze kose gifite ingaruka zitandukanye ku buzima bw’abongereza, ubw’abatuye umugabane w’uburayi ndetse n’indi migabane muri rusange.
Ingaruka ya mbere y’icyi cyemezo iri mu buryo bwa politike y’abongereza aho Ministiri w’Intebe David Cameroon yatangaje ko azegura mu mpera z’uyu mwaka kandi siwe gusa kuko n’abandi bategetsi benshi bafashe icyemezo cyo kwegura.
Umwe mu bongereza b’inshuti yanjye twaganiriye kuri iki kibazo yagize ati: “Nk’urubyiruko ntabwo twitabiriye aya matora kuko twumvaga ntacyo biturebaho kandi twabonaga n’ibyo aba basaza bavuga bidashoboka none dore uko bigenze, ati gusa turi gusaba ko aya matora yasubirwamo kandi asubiwemo iki cyemezo cyahinduka.
Kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’iburayi ni icyemezo gituma urubyiruko tutabona ejo hazaza h’igihugu cyacu mu ruhando mpuzamahanga kandi gishingiye k’ubuhezanguni bw’abasaza twe nk’urubyiruko tutumva impanzu zabwo”. Ariko ibi uyu musore avuga bitandukanye nibyo uyu musaza James Duddridge, umudepite mu nteko ishingamategeko y’ubwongereza akaba yari n’umuvugizi w’uyu mugambi wo gukura ubwongereza mu bumwe bw’uburayi yavuze, yagize ati:”uburyo bw’ubufasha mu iterambere buzakomera igihe cyose ubwongereza butakiri umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi, igihe inkunga y’iterambere ubwongereza butanga inyura muri uyu muryango ntabwo bitanga umusaruro ushimishije kandi igihagararo n’ijwi by’ubwongereza mu ruhando mpuzamahanga ntibigaragara uko byakagombye”.
Ariko ibi bivugwa na James Duddridge, siko Barack Obama Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika abibona. Mu ruzinduko rw’akazi yagiriye mu bwongereza mu kwezi kwa kane uyu mwaka Obama yagize ati: “kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi k’ubwongereza byakwangiza umubano w’ubwongereza n’Amerika kandi kuba muri uyu muryango byatumaga ubwongereza bugira ijambo rikomeye muruhando mpuzamahanga (Global influence) bukanafasha inyungu za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika mu burayi”
Mbere yuko tureba ingaruka iki cyemezo kizagira k’umugabane w’Afurika, reka turebe muri rusange uko ubuzima bw’ubwongereza bwari buhagaze mu bumwe bw’uburayi n’ingaruka kuvamo bizagira ku mpande zose:
Mu bucuruzi , 45% by’ibyo ubwongereza bwohereza hanze bijya mu bihugu biri mu bumwe bw’iburayi naho 53% y’ibyinjira mu bwongereza biva mu bihugu bigize ubumwe bw’iburayi, 60% y’ubucuruzi bwose bw’ubwongereza bubukorana n’ibihugu bigize ubumwe bw’uburayi kandi mu masezerano yo gusoreshwa ntabwo ibicuruzwa byavaga mu gihugu kinyamuryango byasoreshwaga nk’ibikorerwa muri icyo gihugu gutakaza ubunyamuryango k’ubwongereza bivuze ko imisoro iziyongera kubicuruzwa bizajya byinjira biturutse mu bwongereza bijya mu bumwe bw’uburayi cyangwa ibiva mu bumwe bw’uburayi bijya mu bwongereza.
Mu Ishoramari mpuzamahanga: 48% by’abashora imari mu bwongereza baturukaga mu bihugu binyamuryango by’ubumwe bw’uburayi naho 40% by’abashoramari b’abongereza bakarishora mu bihugu binyamuryango kandi ku mpande zombi abashoramari bafatwaga nk’abenegihugu, gutakaza ubunyamuryango bivuze ko abashoramari ku mpande zombi bazafatwa nk’abanyamahanga.
Muri servise z’imari, 10% z’ubwongereza zaturukaga mu bihugu binyamuryango naho 40% z’ibihugu binyamuryango zaturukaga mu bwongereza bivuzeko gutakaza ubunyamuryango bigira ingaruka zitari nziza kuri izi serivise.
Akazi, Ubwongereza n’ibindi bihugu binyamuryango bihuriye ku tuzi miliyoni eshatu bivuzeko gutakaza ubunyamuryango bizateza ubushomeri ku mpande zombi.
Mu rujya n’uruza (Migration), miliyoni imwe n’igice y’abongereza yabaga mu bihugu binyamuryango naho miliyoni eshatu z’abaturage b’ibihugu binyamuryango bakaba mu bwongereza ku mpande zombi abaturage baba bafatwa nk’abanyagihugu kuva mu gihugu kimwe ujya mu kindi nta byangombwa by’abinjira n’abasohoka bakeneraga, nta visa yo kuba mu gihugu kinyamuryango yakenerwaga bivuze ko gutakaza ubunyamuryango bizatuma abaturage b’impande zombi bafatwa nk’abanyamahanga bakakwa ibyangombwa by’abinjira n’abasohoka kandi kuba mu kindi gihugu bigasabirwa uruhushya n’ibyangombwa byihariye.
Imikino n’imyidagaduro: amakipe menshi y’iburayi yari afite itegeko rivuga ko atagomba kurenza abanyamahanga batatu ariko abibihugu binyamuryango ntibabarirwagamo ariko gutakaza ubunyamuryango bivuzeko umwongereza wese azabarwa nk’umunyamahanga.
Mu bubanyi mpuzamahanga n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga: ubwongereza bwari bufitanye umubano n’ibihugu byinshi byo ku isi ndetse n’amasezerano menshi y’ubufatanye: mu ubucuruzi, umutekano, mu butwererane n’andi menshi mpuzamahanga biciye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’iburayi bivuze ko kuva muri uyu muryango k’ubwongereza bituma rutakaza uruhare kuri aya masezerano yose.
Abahanga mu by’ububanyi n’amahanga bavuga ko bishobora gutwara imyaka itari hasi ya makumyabiri kugira ngo ubwongereza bube businye amasezerano mpuzamahanga bwatakarije mu kuva mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’iburayi.
Ingaruka ibi bizagira ku mugabane w’Afurika
Iyo witegereje kino gihe politike mbuzamahanga cyane cyane mu mibanire y’ibihugu, ubukungu, n’umutekano, usanga itandukanye cyane n’uko yari ihagaze mu myaka nka makumyabiri ishize aho Leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika aricyo gihugu cyari igihangange ku isi icyo gishatse ku isi gifatanyije n’inshuti zacyo akaba aricyo gikorwa aha twafata urugero rw’uburyo Amerika yateye Iraki igakuraho Sadamu ndetse ikanamwica umuryango w’abibumbye wari wabyanze, Ingabo za OTAN zihuriweho na Amerika n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’iburayi zateye Libiya zikica Kadafi amahanga yabyamaganye ariko ntibibabuze kubikora.
Ibi bitandukanye no muri iki gihe aho mu ruhando mpuzamahanga ibihugu byinshi bishaka kwiyerekana nk’ibihangange urugero: Uburusiya, Ubushinwa, Koreya ya ruguru ibi bituma Amerika itakivuga ngo ryijyane nka mbere aha twafata urugero rw’uburyo Amerika n’ishuti zayo zahagurukiye Al-Asad muri Siriya ariko Uburusiya bukamushingira igiti, ikibazo cya Ukraine ndetse tutibagiwe n’Icy’ Uburundi.
Ibi byerekana ko Politike mpuzamahanga yahindutse, kuba rero ubwongereza buvuye mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’iburayi kandi bwagaragaraga nk’ijwi rikomeye ry’Amerika mu riwo bivuzeko Amerika igiye gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu bihugu binyamuryango bisigaye kandi ubwongereza nabwo bugiye gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka umubano n’ubufatanye n’ibindi bihugu ku giti cyabwo butari mu mutaka w’ubumwe bw’iburayi no kwigaragaza nk’igihugu cy’igihangange ku isi kandi ku giti cyacyo.
Ariko ku rundi ruhande ibi biha Uburusiya, Ubushinwa na Koreya ya ruguru (ibihugu bitacanaga uwaka n’Amerika n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’iburaya) gukaza umurego mu kwiyerekana mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Afurika ni wo mugabane ugaragara nk’urimo amahirwe menshi mu ishoramari, udafite umurongo ufatika mu bya polike mpuzamahanga, muri Demokarasi n’imiyoborere, mu kwishyira ukizana kw’abawutuye, umutekano n’ibindi. Ibi bishobora kuzatuma uyu mugabane uba ikibuga gikomeye ibi bihugu by’ibihangange bizakiniraho ku nyungu zabyo bwite n’abene gihugu babyo.
Ingaruka uru rugamba ruzagira kuri Afurika zizashingira ku mahitamo y’abayobozi bawo n’icyerekezo bazaba bahisemo mu by’ubukungu, imiyoborere, kwishyira ukizana kw’abene gihugu, umutekano n’ibindi Kuko Afurika ishobora kwisanga mu bihe by’umwijima itarebye neza.
Nk’uko bisanzwe muri politike y’abakoloni, bakoresha uburyo bwo gucamo ibice kugirango babone uko bayobora (divide and rule). Muri uru rugamba rwo guhigana ubutwari muri ibi bihugu by’ibihangange iyi ntwaro yo gucamo ibice no guteranya abanyafurika bashobora kuyubura bakayikoresha maze ibihugu by’Afurika bikisanga mu kazi ko gufana no gushyigikira ibi bihugu birwanira ubuhangange ku isi maze ubumwe bw’abanyafurika bukangirika.
Iyo urebye urujya n’uruza rw’abayobozi b’ibihugu birwanira kuba ibihangange muri Afurika:kuwa 26/06-03/7/2013 Obama muri Afurika Y’Epfo, Tanzaniya, Kenya, kuwa 04-07/7/2016 Netanyahu wa Isiraheli muri Uganda, Kenya,U Rwanda, na Etiyopiya, 09-11/07/2016 uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’ubushinwa muri Mozambike,Afurika Y’Epfo,Tanzaniya, Kenya kandi uko aba basura ni nako basiga basinye amasezerano atandukanye aya masezerano ashobora gutuma habaho ubushyamirane kuri ibi bibihugu by’ibihangange, kandi ubu bushyamirane bwabyo bugashyira ibihugu by’afurika mu ntambara nk’uko byagenze mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi . ntakindi gishishikaje aba bayobozi b’ibihugu by’ibihangange uretse kugira ijambo rikomeye ku bindi bihugu cyane muri Afurika umugabane wonyine ku isi utanga icyizere cy’ubuzima bwiza, ukungahaye ku mutungo kamere n’ibindi.
Amahitamo y’abayobozi yagira afurika umugabane ukomeye:
Bitewe no kuba Afurika ariyo ihanzwe amaso kandi akaba ntagihugu twavuga ko gifite ubuhangange ijana ku ijana ku isi, aya ni amahirwe kuri yo yo guhitamo kugirana amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubufatanye ashingiye ku kubahana no kuzamura ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abayituye. Ibi byashoboka mu gihe abayobozi bahisemo: imiyoborere myiza, demokarasi, kwishyira ukizana kwa rubanda no kutigwizaho imitungo y’ibihugu ku dutsiko twabantu bake mu gihe abandi bicwa n’inzara. Bitagenze bityo ibi bihugu by’ibihangange byakwinjirira mu kababaro, ubukene, itotezwa, ruswa n’inzara mu banyafurika maze bagakubita igishirira mu ishyamba n’ubundi ryari ryumagaye maze uruhira rw’intambara z’urudaca rukagurumana muri Afurika.
Aba Perezida b’Afrika
Ariko na none ku rundi ruhande Abayobozi ba Afrika bashyize hamwe bagahitamo guha Afrika umurongo umwe kandi uhamye, byaviramo Afrika ubuhangange n’iterambere maze amahanga akatugana adusaba ubufatanye ataje kudutanya no kudukoloniza.
Shalom
Article by Jean Baptiste Tuyizere
