Mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubwigenge ibihugu bya Uganda n’u Burundi nibyo byakozwemo kudeta nyinshi kurusha ibindi bigize umuryango w’uburasirazuba bwa Afurika (EAC) kandi izo kudeta zikaba zenda kunganya umubare .
Nta kudeta yindi yigeze ikorwa mu bindi bihugu bigize EAC, usibye mu Rwanda hanakozwe jenoside ariko itari ifite aho ihuriye na kudeta !
Kuva u Rwanda n’u Burundi byakwinjira muri EAC nta yindi kudeta iraba mu gihugu icyo aricyo cyose kigize uwo muryango, usibye iyapfubye mu Burundi muri 2015 n’izikomeza gututumba muri Sudani y’Epfo. Muri ibi bihugu kandi by’u Burundi na Sudan y’Epfo niho ubona za kudeta zishoboka muri ibi bihe tugezemo !
Nubwo umubare wa za kudeta zabaye muri Uganda wenda kungana nuw’izabaye mu Burundi ariko muri Uganda ho ntabwo izo kudeta zagiye zimena amaraso nk’aya komeje kumeneka mu gihugu cy’u Burundi.
Nta wavuga ibya za kudeta zabaye mu Burundi atabanjirije ku ya pfubye mu Kwakira 1965, icyo gihe umukuru w’igihugu yari umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge. Abashatse gukora iyo kudeta kari agatsiko k’abasirikare b’Abahutu, bashakaga gushyiraho ubutegetsi bugendera ku buhutu nk’uko byari bimeze mu Rwanda rwategekagwa na Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda.
Michel Micombero, wari umwofisiye mu ingabo, yagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu iburizwamo ry’iyo kudeta ya gihutu bituma yubaka izina cyane, binamuhesha umwanya wa minisitiri w’intebe muri Nyakanga 1966. M’Ugushyingo uwo mwaka Micombero yahiritse ubutegetsi bw’Umwami yirara muri ba bandi bashatse gukora kudeta ya gihutu arica, adasize n’abakekagwaho kuba bari bayishyigikiye.
Micombero niwe wabaye Perezida wa Repubulika wa mbere mu Burundi aza gukurwa ku butegetsi mu 1976, muri kudeta yakorewe na Jean Baptiste Bagaza. Mu 1987 Bagaza nawe yaje guhirikwa na Pierre Buyoya waje gutsindwa mu matora na Melchior Ndadaye muri Nyakanga 1993. Nta maraso yigeze ameneka muri izo kudeta zakozwe na Buyoya na Bagaza.
Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Nkurunziza
Ndadaye yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika hafi amezi atatu gusa kuko yishwe mu Kwakira muri uwo mwaka w’i 1993 ! Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Ndadaye u Burundi bwamaze amezi hafi atandatu bumeze nk’ubudafite umukuru w’igihugu !
Ndadaye ikicwa igihugu cyabanje gufatwa na Francois Ngeze wari Perezida w’ishyaka UPRONA. Ngeze yategetse gusa muri uko kwezi ku Kwakira, nyuma hafata Sylilivie Kinigi wari Minisitiri w’intebe ku butegetsi bwa Ndadaye. Muri Gashyantare 1994 ishyaka FRODEBU, Ndadaye yakomokagamo, ryashyizeho Cyprien Ntaryamira, aba Perezida wa Repubulika.
Ntaryamira nawe ariko ntabwo yarayeho kabiri kuko muri Mata uwo mwaka w’i 994 yicanywe na Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana barasiwe mu ndege yari igeze mu kirere cya Kigali, ibakuye mu nama i Dar es Salaam !
Ntaryamira yasimbuwe ku butegetsi na Sylivestre Ntibantunganya nawe wo muri FRODEBU, ariko aza kubuhirikwaho muri Nyakanga 1996. Buyoya yasimbuye Ntibantunganya ku butegetsi, aba ategetse u Burundi mu bihe bibiri bidakurikirana nk’uko na Obote yabikoze muri Uganda !
Buyoya wa UPRONA yakuwe ku butegetsi n’amasezerano ya Arusha muri 2003, asimburwa na Domittien Ndayizeye wa FRODEBU wategetse kugeza mu matora ya 2005. Ishyaka CNDD-FDD niryo ryatsinze ayo matora rishyiraho Petero Nkurunziza kuba Perezida wa Repubulika. Ubu Nkurunziza ari muri manda ya gatatu, binyuranije n’itegeko nshinga kimwe n’amasezerano ya Arusha, bituma amaraso akomeza kumeneka !
Kimwe nko mu Burundi, nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Uganda mu 1962 Umwami (Kabaka) Sir Edward Muteesa niwe wabaye Perezida w’igihugu, Apolo Milton Obote ari Minisitiri w’intebe. Muri Gashyantare 1966 Obote akorera kudeta Muteesa aba Perezida wa Repubulika.
Kimwe nko mu Burundi Umukuru w’igihugu wa mbere wa Uganda yigenga yari Umwami (Kabaka), Sir Edward Mutesa wabaye Perezida muri Werurwe 1963, nyuma y’imyaka itatu gusa abuhirikwaho na Milton Obote, nawe waje gukorerwa kudeta na General Idi Amin mu 1971.
Idi Amin, ugomba kuba ari ku isonga mu baperezida bategekesheje ubugome n’ubwenge buke muri ibi bihugu bigize EAC, yaje guhirikwa ku butegetsi n’igisirikare cya Tanzania muri Mata 1979, nyuma y’intambara yamaze hafi arindwi hagati ya Tanzania na Uganda.
Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Museveni
Nyuma y’imeneshwa rya Idi Amin, Tanzania yagiye ishyiriraho Uganda ubutegetsi budasobanutse nk’uko butamaragaho na kabiri ! Icyo ubutegetsi bwa Nyerere muri Tanzania bwari bugamije kwari ugusubizaho Obote ariko bikagenda bigorana !
Nyuma ya Amin hashyizweho Prof. Yusuf Lule muri Mata 1979 abukurwaho muri Kamena uwo mwaka. Perezida Lule yahise asimburwa na Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa nawe waje gusimbuzwa Paul Mwanga muri Gicurasi 1980. Mwanga yaje kwegura muri iyo Gicurasi uwo mwaka w’i 1980, abererekeye Obote ngo asubire ku butegetsi yari yarahiritsweho na Amin agahungira muri Tanzania.
Tanzania yashubije Obote ku butegetsi benshi muri Uganda batabishaka, Yoweri Kaguta Museveini we yahise ajya mu ishyamba kurwanya ubutegetsi bwe.
Nubwo Tanzania yakomeje kurwana kuri Obote ariko nyuma Nyerere yaje usanga atakiri wa Obote yari azi mu gihe cy’ubu Perezida bwe bwa mbere, aza guhumiriza ngo Museveni na NRA bamurwanye uko babyumva.
NRA imaze kunaniza igisirikare cya Obote, ubutegetsi bwe bwahiritswe n’igisirikare cye, General Bazilio Okello aba Perezida wa Repubulika. Bazilio yashoboye kwesa umuhigo wa Paul Mwanga kuko nawe yavuye ku butegetsi atabumazeho ukwezi. Yasimbuye Obote muri Nyakanga 1985, yegura muri uko kwezi, ubutegetsi bufatwa na General Tito Okello.
Uyu mugabo ariko nawe ntabwo yabumazeho kabiri kuko muri Mutarama 1986 inyeshyamba za NRA zigaruriye igihugu Museveni ahita aba Perezida, na n’ubu akaba agitegeka icyo gihugu.
Nyuma y’ubwigenge rero Uganda imaze gutegekwa n’abakuru b’igihugu umunani, udashyizemo Obote ku nshuro ya kabiri. Uburundi bwo bumaze gutegekwa n’abakuru b’igihugu icyenda, udashyizemo Buyoya ku nshuro ya kabiri na ba Ngeze na Kinigi bategetse badategeka !
Ukuyemo Sudan y’Epfo itarasobanuka neza muri EAC, Kenya niyo kugeza ubu imaze gutegekwa n’umubare muke w’abaperezida. Kenya imaze gutegekwa na bane, Tanzania batanu. Igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyo kimaze gutegekwa na batandatu, ushyizemo na Theodore Sindikubwabo wategetse amezi atagera kuri atatu kandi ubwo butegetsi bwe bwirukanka imishwaro !
Casmiry Kayumba
