U Rwanda rukomeje kugaragaza ko umwanzuro wo guca caguwa utahutiweho, nubwo Perezida wa Amerika, Donald Trump yatangaje ko azahagarika by’agateganyo inyungu zihariye rwabonaga ku isoko rya Amerika bitewe n’uko rwahagaritse imyenda n’inkweto za Caguwa zituruka mu bihugu birimo na Amerika.
Mu mpera z’ukwezi gushize nibwo Perezida Trump yatangaje ko nyuma y’iminsi 60 azahagarika u Rwanda muri gahunda ihuza iki gihugu n’ibindi bya Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara “African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA),” ituma bigeza bimwe mu biciruzwa ku isoko rya Amerika bitatswe umusoro.
Mu kiganiro InFocus cyatambutse kuri RBA kuri iki Cyumweru, Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Robert Opirah, yavuze ko nubwo umwanzuro wo guca caguwa utishimiwe, u Rwanda rubona ko uzazana inyungu zikomeye.
Mu 2016 nibwo abakuru b’ibihugu bigize EAC bafashe umwanzuro wo guteza imbere inganda zikora imyenda n’inkweto mu bihugu byabo, bakagabanya ibyinjira muri aka karere byarambawe ndetse bizamurirwa umusoro.
Ni umwanzuro utarashimishije abacuruza caguwa muri Amerika bavuze ko wagize ingaruka ku bukungu bwabo, Kenya ihita igaragaza ko ishobora kutubahiriza igihe ntarengwa cyo guca caguwa cyari cyemeranyijweho ko ari mu 2019, kimwe na Tanzania na Uganda.
Umusesenguzi akaba n’umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, Dr Christophe Kayumba yavuze ko ibyo Amerika iri gushaka ngo nta gitunguranye kuko biri mu masezerano yabayeho ya AGOA.
Yakomeje agira ati “Ayo masezerano yari ameze nk’inkunga kuko AGOA yari igenewe gufasha ibihugu bigikennye ngo bigerageze bitere imbere. Ariko nubwo yari igenewe gufasha ibihugu, mu ngigo zayo harimo izo navuga ko zibangamiye iterambere mu bihugu bikennye. Nk’uru rugero rwo kuba wakumirwa ku isoko ryagutse kubera ko gusa wanze gutumiza mu mahanga imyenda yambawe.”
Yavuze ko kuba mu myaka ya 1960 urwego rwo gukora imyenda mu karere rwari ruteye imbere kurusha uyu munsi, wanareba uko ahagana mu 1980 aribwo caguwa yabaye nyinshi ku isoko, usanga yaragize uruhare mu kwangiza uru rwego.
Ni iki u Rwanda rurahomba ?
Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Ishoramari muri Minicom, Robert Opirah, yavuze ko AGOA yashyizweho mu 2000 ari nk’impano kuko nta biganiro byabayeho ngo hagaragazwe icyo buri gihugu kizatanga mbere yo kugira ngo ibeho.
Yakomeje agira ati “Twe icyo tugiye guhomba ni ya 2% y’ibyo twohereza mu mahanga AGOA ifite mu byo twohereza mu mahanga. Twohereza hagati y’ibicuruzwa bya miliyoni hagati ya 25$-40$ muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, muri ibyo 2% gusa nibyo bijyanwa muri gahunda ya AGOA, ibindi byose bijyanwa mu buryo busanzwe bigasorerwa. “
Ibyo kandi ngo ntibyakwitwa igihombo kuko nubwo ibyo bicuruzwa byajyaga muri Amerika bidaciwe imisoro, nibiyishyirirwaho ntibivuze ko u Rwanda rutazajyana ibicuruzwa ku isoko rya Amerika, bityo ngo ‘nta gikuba cyacitse.’
Opirah yakomeje agira ati “Iyo turebye imbaraga n’ubundi bushobozi tumaze gushyira mu gutuma iri shoramari rishoboka, twumva tumaze gukora ibintu bikomeye ku buryo dukeneye kubona uru rwego rutera imbere. Mu mwaka ushize twanazamuye umusaruro ho 21 % ku musaruro w’izi nganda mu gukora imyenda mishya, byanazamuye inyungu yabyo ho 14%. “
AGOA yaherukaga kuvugururwa mu 2015 ubwo byemezwaga ko izageza mu 2025, ubu ikaba isigaranye imyaka umunani, ku buryo ‘ubu ushobora kuvugurura gahunda zawe, mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani ugasanga usabwe kongera gutangira bundi bushya.’
Yakomeje agira ati “Ni ibibazo twashakaga kuganiro nabo, n’ubu turacyiteguye kuganira ariko dushaka ko iki kibazo gikemurwa mu buryo buri wese abona inyungu. “
MINICOM ivuga ko urwego rwo gukora imyenda n’inkweto rumaze kwinjirwamo n’ibigo 22 n’udukiriro dutandatu, kandi byose byabaye kugeza mu mwaka ushize gusa.
Ni ikibazo ku kuvuga rumwe ku karere
Dr Kayumba yavuze ko ibihugu bya EAC, ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe byagiye bivuga ururimi rumwe, ku cyemezo cyo guca caguwa nacyo gifatwa ku rwego rw’abakuru b’ibihugu ariko nyuma y’ukwivumbura kwa Amerika gisigara ari ikibazo cy’u Rwanda.
Yakomeje agira ati “Ibyo byakwerekana ko bamwe mu bayobozi baba batatekereje cyane ku myanzuro bafata, kubera ko nizera ko mu gihe kirekire, akarere kari kubona inyungu iyo gaca caguwa ubundi kagashora imari mu nganda zo gukora imyenda. “
Mu gihe gito, yavuze ko imibare agenda abona ari uko imirimo nibura ibihumbi 40 y’abacuruza caguwa izatakara, ariko mu gihe kirekire harimo inyungu zitabarika.
Umwanzuro wa Amerika si uwa kimuntu
Dr Kayumba yavuze ko kuba Amerika yakumira u Rwanda ku isoko ryayo mu buryo butakwa imisoro ‘atari igikorwa cya kimuntu’.
Yakomeje agira ati “Nibura iyo biba ku bindi bicuruzwa nari kubyumva. Ariko umwanzuro igihugu cyafashe wo kubuza ikindi kugera ku isoko ryacyo kubera ko gusa mwanze gukoresha imyenda abaturage babo bambaye, ni ugusagarira agaciro k’Abanyarwanda. Ariko nari no gutungurwa iyo u Rwanda ruterwa ubwoba rugahita ruhindura uriya mwanzuro. “
