Jambo ASBL ni umuryango washingiwe mu Bubiligi, uhuriweho n’abana b’ababagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ni ingirwamuryango wiyitirira ibikorwa byo guharanira amahoro ariko mu by’ukuri ushishikariza kwemeza, guhindura inyito cyangwa gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi binyuze mu mbuga za Jambo News na Mpore: Memory & Justice, zikwirakwiza amagambo y’ivangura, amacakubiri bagamije kubangamira ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda
Ababikurikiranira hafi bagaragaza ko hari n’ababigiramo uruhare biyita ko barokotse Jenoside kugira ngo ibihugu barimo bikunde bibumve, nyamara byahe byo kajya, ugasanga ni nk’ibirura byiyambitse uruhu rw’Intama. Ni uburyo burimo gukoreshwa, ku buryo abahakanyi ba Jenoside bihinduye abayirokotse.
Ni ibikorwa bimaze igihe byiganje mu bihugu birimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi, Canada, ndetse bamaze kugera mu bihugu nka Australia na Nouvelle-Zélande.
Muri icyo gihugu cya nyuma higanje abakomeye ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, banashinze icyo bise Rwandan Association of Queensland.
Byongeye, iyo ukurikiranye usanga abakomeje uyu mugambi ari umurage w’ababyeyi babo bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bamwe bahamijwe ibyaha abandi baracyihishahisha, nubwo bitabuza ko hari ababigiyemo ku bw’amahitamo.
Bene Gatebuke
Gatebuke Claude na mushiki we Alice, baba muri Nashville muri Leta ya Tennessee, ni bene Gatsinzi Gatebuke uvuka ku Gisenyi mu yahoze ari Komini Kayove.
Abo bana bombi bamaze kumenyekana mu mashuri atandukanye, aho bagenda barisha ko “barokotse intambara na Jenoside byo mu Rwanda”, ibintu bigaragaza umugambi bashyize imbere.
Abazi neza Gatsinzi Gatebuke cyangwa abo bakoranye mu kigo cya leta cyari gishinzwe kuringaniza imbyaro kizwi nka ONAPO, bahamya uburyo yangaga Abatutsi, ku buryo n’iyo bajyaga gufata amafunguro atashoboraga kwicarana nabo ku meza.
Claude Gatebuke avuga ko anayobora umuryango African Great Lakes Action Network (AGLAN)”, nyamara ugizwe n’abantu batatu gusa, Gatebuke na mushiki we n’undi mugore witwa Brinkley-Rubenstin, bakawukoresha mu gushaka amafaranga mu batazi ukuri ku byabaye mu Rwanda.
Denise Zaneza, ni Umuhuzabikorwa mu Burayi w’Umuryango Rwandan Rights
Claude Gatebuke akorana bya hafi na Denise Zaneza, umugore washyize imbere ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Uyu Zaneza ni umwana w’imfura wa Marcel Sebatware uba mu Bubiligi, ushinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Mu ntangiriro za 1990, Sebatware yari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa CIMERWA. Akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, akaba muramu wa Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias wari Umukuru wa État-Major w’izari ingabo z’u Rwanda.
Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside [CNLG] igaragaza ko Sebatware uri mu buhungiro mu Bubiligi, ari mu bahezanguni bihishe inyuma y’ibikorwa bya politiki kugira ngo ahishe uruhare rwe muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ari mu barwanashyaka bashinze ishyaka FDU-INKINGI mu Bubiligi, akaba ari na komiseri muri iryo shyaka ryashinzwe Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza.
CNLG iheruka gutangaza ko ikibabaje cyane ari uko Sebatware Marcel ari umujenosideri ruharwa, waburanishijwe ahamwa n’ibyaha bya jenoside n’Inkiko Gacaca zo mu Rwanda, ubu akaba ari umwicanyi uri mu buhungiro udafite uburenganzira na bucye bwo kongera gukora politiki cyangwa gutera inkunga udutsiko tw’abicanyi nka P5.
CNLG isanga u Bubiligi “bukwiye kurangiza inshingano zabwo mpuzamahanga zo kohereza Sebatware Marcel mu Rwanda aho kumureka ngo akomeze gukwirakwiza urwango, iterabwoba n’ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.”
Denise Zaneza avuga ko ari impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, akaba n’umuhuzabikorwa mu Burayi w’umuryango Rwandan Rights, “n’uwarokotse Jenoside.” Ariko kimwe na Gatebuke, byose ni ukwiyoberanya kuko atacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside. Ahubwo ni umwambari w’amahame y’uko habayeho Jenoside ebyiri.
Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascéne, yakebuye umukobwa wa Sebatware Marcel wayoboye uruganda CIMERWA, wifatanya n’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR mu mugambi wo gukuraho ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda.
Zaneza Denise n’abandi Banyarwanda baba mu Bubiligi no mu Bufaransa, biganjemo abakomoka ku bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bamaze igihe kirekire bibasira Leta y’u Rwanda, ari na ko bakomeza gukwirakwiza icengezamatwara rya FDLR.
Minisitiri Bizimana yamenyesheje Zaneza ko kuvuka kuri Sebatware wagize uruhare muri Jenoside atari icyaha kuko hari n’abandi benshi bahuje aya mateka, ariko ko bo bahisemo kwitandukanya n’ingengabitekerezo y’irondabwoko, urwango na Jenoside, bahitamo kwifatanya n’abandi kubaka u Rwanda.
Ati “Wowe wahisemo urwango no gukorana na FDLR ngo murashaka guhirika ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda. Ayinya! Ushobora kurota uhagaze, ni uburenganzira bwawe ariko nkurahiye ko izo nzozi utazigera uzikabya.”
Yakomeje ati “Ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda wirirwa usebya, wibeshya ko wabuhirika, reka nkwibutse ko ari bwo bwavanyeho ibibi ubwitirira byasenye igihugu kandi so Sebatware Marcel yabigizemo uruhare rw’ibanze. Byaba byiza witandukanyije n’ubwicanyi bwe, ukareka kubushyigikira no gukwiza ingengabitekerezo yamuranze.”
Amateka ya Sebatware mu Bugarama
Kuva mu 1983 kugeza mu 1994, Sebatware Marcel yari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa CIMERWA, muri Komini Bugarama mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu 1992, we, Kamanzi Meschak wari Burugumesitiri, Colonel Singirankabo Claudien n’abandi bashinze itsinda ry’Interahamwe ryari rifite ishami muri uru ruganda.
Minisitiri Bizimana yasobanuye ko Sebatware, Burugumesitiri Kamanzi na Col Singirankabo binjije abakozi benshi ba CIMERWA muri iri tsinda ry’Interahamwe, bari biganjemo abakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri na Gisenyi.
Yabwiye Zaneza ko iri tsinda rimaze gushingwa, Sebatware na Col Singirankabo bayoboye ibikorwa byo kuritoza no kuriha intwaro kandi ko byakorerwaga muri CIMERWA.
Ati “Tariki 8 Mata 1994, jenoside ya rurangiza igitangira, so Marcel Sebatware afatanyije n’izo nterahamwe ze batangije iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu Bugarama, bahera ku bakozi ba CIMERWA n’imiryango yabo. Biciwe ahitwaga ‘Cellule spécialisée’.”
Minisitiri Bizimana yasobanuye ko Sebatware n’Interahamwe Ntawumenyumunsi Pascal batanze urutonde rw’Abatutsi n’aho batuye kandi ko bategetse abandi bakozi ba CIMERWA n’Interahamwe kujya kubasohora ku ngufu mu ngo zabo no kubica.
Ati “Uwo munsi hishwe abakozi b’Abatutsi 80 n’imiryango yabo. Interahamwe za so Marcel Sebatware zimaze kuyogoza mu Bugarama, zagabye ibitero i Mushaka, Mibilizi, Kamembe, Kibogora, Nkanka, Gihundwe, Hanika, Shangi, Nyamasheke, Gashirabwoba, Mururu, Shagasha, Gisakura n’ahandi zimara Abatutsi karahava.”
Yavuze ko igihe itsinda ry’Interahamwe ryashinzwe na Sebatware ryajyaga kwica Abatutsi, ryatwarwaga n’imodoka za CIMERWA, zikayoborwa na Munyakazi Yussuf, kandi ko nyuma yo kurimbura abo muri Cyangugu, zakomereje Mugonero, Gishyita na Bisesero.
Minisitiri Bizimana yibukije Zaneza ko nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubuyobozi bwa FPR Inkotanyi bwubatse igihugu cyari cyarasenywe n’abarimo Sebatware, ati “Icyiza kuri mwe nimuze twubake twese. Ibindi bibi mubamo ntimuduheho.”
Bamwe bishyize hamwe bashinga Jambo Asbl
Uretse bene Gatebuke, hari undi muryango uri inyuma y’ibikorwa byo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Jambo Asbl ukorera mu Bubiligi. Ni ishyirahamwe rivuga ko rirengera ikiremwamuntu, nyamara rigamije guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Mu bayobozi baryo harimo Placide Kayumba, ari na we washinze akabanza no kuyobora Jambo Asbl. Ni umuhungu wa Dominique Ntawukuriryayo wabaye Su-Perefe wa Gisagara, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Mu 2010 yakatiwe na ICTR gufungwa imyaka 25. Yahamijwe kuba yarayoboye ubwicanyi ku musozi wa Kabuye, ahaguye abatutsi basaga 30000. Nyamara akimara gukatirwa, umuhungu we yanditse kuri Twitter ko ari umwere.
Hari kandi Natacha Abingeneye ari nawe Perezida wa Jambo Asbl, akaba umukobwa wa Juvénal Uwiringiyimana wabaye Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi akaba n’Umurwanashyaka wa MRND. Muri Kamena 2005 yahamagajwe na ICTR, aza gupfa urubanza rwe rutarangiye.
Harimo kandi Gustave Mbonyumutwa, umuhungu w’umugabo wakurikiranweho n’inkiko Gacaca kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Shingiro Mbonyumutwa, akaba umwuzukuru wa Dominique Mbonyumutwa uri mu bashinze MDR Parmehutu, wanabaye Perezida w’u Rwanda mu 1961.
Shingiro Mbonyumutwa yabaye umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Jean Kambanda wari Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Leta y’Abatabazi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Gustave Mbonyumutwa yanabaye umutangabuhamya ushinjura mu rubanza rwa Matayo Ngirumpatse wari Perezida w’Ishyaka MRND mu gihe cya Jenoside, waburaniye i Arusha.
Mu bagize Jambo Asbl kandi habamo na Liliane Bahufite, umukobwa wa Colonel Bahufite Juvenal wayoboye ubwicanyi mu yari Gisenyi mu 1990-1993. Uyu ni nawe wari umuvugizi w’ingabo zakoze Jenoside, ubwo zahungiraga muri Zaire.
Harimo na Laure Nkundakozera Uwase, wabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Jambo Asbl, anaba umwanditsi mukuru wa Jambo News akoranaho na Ruhumuza Mbonyumutwa. Uyu ni umukobwa wa Anastase Nkundakozera, wahamijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ndetse nyina Agnès Mukarugomwa yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND.
Muri iki gihe Jambo asbl iyoborwa na Robert Mugabowindekwe. Uyu ni umuhungu wa Lt Col Éphrem Rwabalinda wabaye Umujyanama w’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo za Habyarimana. Ubwo zari zisumbirijwe, Lt Col BEM Rwabalinda yoherejwe i Paris hagati ya tariki 9-13 Gicurasi 1994, guhura n’abayobora igisirikari cy’u Bufaransa.
Mu butumwa bwari bumujyanye ubwo yakirwaga na General Jean-Pierre Huchon, harimo gusaba intwaro zo guhangana na FPR Inkotanyi, basagaba ko zagezwa mu Rwanda zinyujijwe mu bihugu by’abaturanyi byari inshuti na Habyarimana. Bikekwa ko bagenzi be muri ex-FAR baba ari bo bamuhitanye.
Muri uwo muryango kandi harimo Norman Ishimwe Sinamenye ufatwa nk’Umunyamabanga Mukuru. Uyu we Se yitwa Sinamenye André avuka ku Gikongoro. We amateka agaragaza ko atagize uruhare muri Jenoside ahubwo yarwanyije leta yayiteguye. Muri 1991-1994 yari mu ishyaka PSD.
Amakuru IGIHE ifite ari nacyo cyatondetse aya makuru ni uko umubyeyi we atigeze yishimira inzira umuhungu we yaciye, ndetse ngo yagerageje kumuvana muri Jambo Asbl ariko amubera ibamba.
Bitandukanye na Robert Mugabowindekwe, Laure Uwase, Natacha Abingeneye, Placide Kayumba, Ruhumuza na Gustave Mbonyumutwa n’abandi, Norman Ishimwe we ntiyinjijwe mu gupfobya Jenoside n’ababyeyi, ni inshuti ze zo muri Jambo asbl.
Jambo asbl ikoresha amayeri menshi mu gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. N’ubwo bakoresha imvugo yemejwe na Loni, bihutira kongeraho na “jenoside yakorewe Abahutu”. Ntabwo bemera uruhare na ruto Guverinoma y’Abatabazi, MRND n’amashyaka ya Power na FAR bagize muri jenoside, ahubwo bagashaka kuvuga ko Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yashakaga kugarura amahoro.
René Mugenzi mu Bwongereza
Mu bakomeje kuba inyuma y’imigambi yo guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside mu Burayi by’umwihariko mu Bwongereza, harimo benshi bitwaza ko “barokotse Jenoside” kimwe na Gatebuke na Zaneza.
Bamwe muri abo ni René Mugenzi, mu mwaka ushize wagaragaye kuri televiziyo ya Aljazeera avuga ko yarokotse Jenoside. Nyamara Se Joseph Mugenzi akekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside ndetse yahunze ubutabera, aho bikekwa ko yihishe mu Buholandi.
Peter Mutabaruka, yatangije ibikorwa yise Amahoro Iwacu
Mu bandi bashyushyarugamba bahakana Jenoside bagize igisekuru gishya kandi harimo Peter Mutabaruka ubu, ubana na Se ushinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Celestin Mutabaruka mu Bwongereza.
Mutabaruka ashinjwa ko yagize uruhare mu bitero byishe Abatutsi mu Bisesero ku Kibuye, mu 1994. Uyu Celestin Mutabaruka w’imyaka 64 ni umupasiteri mu itorero rya Community Church.
Nyamara yirengagije ibyo Se yakoze, Peter Mutabaruka yakomeje gushinja Guverinoma y’u Rwanda guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse mu mwaka wa 2017 yatangije ubukangurambaga yise Amahoro Iwacu, aho avuga ko asaba ivanwaho ry’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Akunda kwifashisha cyane imbuga nkoranyambaga za Facebook na YouTube.
Bombi René Mugenzi na Peter Mutabaruka bakorana bya hafi na Gatebuke, Denise Zaneza na FDU Inkingi ya Ingabire Victoire, mu gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo bihakana bikanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Bakunze gushinja ubwicanyi Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ndetse nyuma y’urupfu rwa Kizito Mihigo wiyahuriye muri kasho ya Polisi i Remera, batagendeye ku kimenyetso na kimwe, uru rubyiruko ruhakana Jenoside rwavuze ko yishwe na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ruvuga ko rubuze umuntu wigishaga ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, by’umwihariko binyuze mu ndirimbo ye “Igisobanuro cy’Urupfu.”
Ibikorwa by’abahakana jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Australia, Nouvelle-Zélande na Canada
Abandi bakomeje guhakana jenoside kandi bamaze kugwira mu bihugu bya Australie na Nouvelle-Zélande, aho ibikorwa byabo byagaragaye mu bihe byo #Kwibuka26, bakomeza gukoresha “Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda”, aho kwerura ngo bakoreshe inyito yemejwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Abo barimo Nelson Muhirwa n’umugore we Yvette Muhirwa bo muri Australie, bakomeje gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga nka YouTube, bavuga ko hari ibyaha FPR yakoreye Abahutu. Abandi ni abarwanashyaka b’umutwe w’iterabwoba wa RNC, barimo Robert Mukombozi na Kalisa Mubarak.
Mu bihugu nka Canada kandi harimo nk’umugore witwa Louise Uwacu, na we witwaza ko yarokotse Jenoside mu gukwiza ibitekerezo byabo byo guhakana Jenoside, ndetse akorana bya hafi na Claude Gatebuke n’abandi bahakana Jenoside.
Amakuru avuga ko Uwacu utarahigwaga muri Jenoside, umuryango we wahunze aho wabaga mu Ruhengeri, werekeza muri Zaire ubwo FPR yari igeze kure ingabo zateguye zikanashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside.
Muhirwa kandi yanabaye umwe mu batangabuhamya bashinjuye Justin Mugenzi wabaye Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi muri Guverinoma yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yanabaye umuhamya ushinjura mu rubanza rwa Simon Bikindi, wabaye umwe mu bashishikarizaga gukora Jenoside, yifashishije indirimbo ze zabibaga urwango.
Mu bandi bacengezamatwara harimo uwitwa Eric Udahemuka, umwe mu bakwirakwiza kuri Youtube n’ahandi ibiganiro bibiba urwango, cyane cyane bacisha kuri Ikondera Libre TV ikoreshwa cyane n’abahakana Jenoside.
Kimwe mu biganiro aheruka gukora ni nk’icyo yibazaga ngo “Kuki Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bahora biyenza bazura akaboze, bakabangamira ubwiyunge?” Utiriwe ujya mu byo ikiganiro cyagarukagaho, umutwe wacyo ubisobanura ntacyo usize. Udahemuka yanakoreye ikinyamakuru Isimbi Newspaper mu Rwanda.
Hari abajya bagira bati “Inyana ni iya mweru.” Ibi byose bigaragaza ko nubwo hari abakoze Jenoside bakabiryozwa, hari abatorotse ubutabera ndetse ingengabitekerezo yabo bakomeje kuyicengeza mu bo babyaye, ku buryo urugamba rwo kurwanya abahakana n’apfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bigaragara ko rukeneye imbaraga zisumbuyeho nyuma y’imyaka 26.
Umwe mu basesenguzi ba politiki waganiriye na IGIHE ariko utarifuje ko amazina ye atangazwa asanga uburyo iki gisekuru gishya cy’abahakanyi ba Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi gikoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo mbi no gupfobya jenoside, hageze ko bihagurukirwa ndetse ibikorwa nk’ibyo bikarwanwa uko bikwiye. Asanga bitabaye ibyo hari benshi bagwa mu rujijo no mu buyobe.
