Mu myaka mike mbere y’ivuka ry’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe mu 2002 usimbuye Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika, no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abantu benshi bari banyotewe iterambere rya Afurika, ndetse bagashimangira ko ikinyejana cya 21 kizaba icya Afurika.
Nyamara haracyari igihe kugirango bibe impamo, kimwe nuko bishobora kuba inzozi zitazasohora. Bikiyongeraho ko Afurika yatakaje amahirwe menshi mu gihe 65 y’ubwigenge, bishingiye ahanini ku kuba itararebye ingorane ziyitegereje imbere, cyangwa se niba yaranabikoze, ntiyitegure neza guhangana nazo.
Mu kiganiro Perezida Paul Kagame yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru The EastAfrican, yagarutse ku ngingo zitandukanye zireba uyu mugabane. Cyabaye Mbere gato y’inama ya Kusi Ideas Festival, yareberaga hamwe icyerekezo cya Afurika mu myaka 60 iri imbere, yabaye ku wa 8 Ukuboza 2019.
The EastAfrican : Muri uyu mwaka mwibutse ku nshuro ya 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo muri Mata 1994. Uyu munsi kandi u Rwanda rufatwa nk’urugero mu kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibihe bikomeye ndetse ni intangarugero mu nzego zitandukanye.
Gusa iyo urebye imibare y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, igaragaza ko mu 2050 umubare w’Abanyarwanda ushobora kuzaba ugeze hafi kuri miliyoni 19. Bivugwa ko uwo mubare wazaba urenze ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda nk’igihugu. Ni iki u ruri gukora ngo uyu mubare w’abaturage utazaba ikibazo mu myaka 25 iri imbere?
Perezida Kagame: Miliyoni 19 zonyine z’abanyarwanda muri 2050? Ndatekereza ko bazaba barenga! Izo mpungenge zifite ishingiro, gusa abazifite batekereza ko u Rwanda rwo muri 2050 ruzaba rumeze nk’uko rumeze ubu, ko igihugu n’umuryango muri rusange bitazaba byarahindutse.
Imbogamizi z’ahazaza ntizakomera cyane kuruta uko zimeze ubu. Dushingiye ku ishoramari riri gushyirwa mu burezi, gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’abantu benshi bari kuba mu bice by’imijyi, turi gukora ibisabwa byose ngo muri icyo gihe u Rwanda ruzabe rutandukanye n’uko rumeze uyu munsi.
The EastAfrican: Ubona u Rwanda ruzaba nk’umujyi umwe mu binyacumi by’imyaka biri imbere?
Perezida Kagame: Mu buryo butandukanye “Yego”, kandi ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwagutse kubera ko ruzaba rwarahindutse mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, rutandukanye cyane n’uko rumeze ubu.
The EastAfrican : Ubona ute ukwaguka k’umuryango w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba? Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo yasabye kwinjira muri uyu muryango. Bitandukanye n’ibirimo kuba mu burayi bw’iburengerazuba, hari kugaragara ukwishyira hamwe muri Afurika.
Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu buryo bwagutse, hari ababona ibihugu nka Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, na Sudan, mu myaka 10 cyagwa 20 iri imbere bizinjira mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, cyangwa se uyu muryango ugasenyuka hakavuka undi ugasimbura EAC. Urabona ibi byabaho muri iki gihe?
Perezida Kagame: Ikintu cyiza ni uko umuryango wa EAC wakomeza kwiyubaka kimwe n’indi miryango yo mu bindi bice. Biri no mu mpamvu zatumye Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo isaba kwinjira mu muryango. Biri kandi no mu mpamvu ibihugu binyamuryango bya EAC bizarebaho mu kubemerera.
Ishusho ya EAC izahinduka mu myaka iri imbere. Ni nk’uko ubwo Hailemariam Desalegn yari akiri Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Ethiopia [2012-2018], yavuze ko bifuza kuba abanyamuryango ba EAC. Ishingiro ry’iki gitekerezo si ukubera uburyo ibihugu bituranye, ahubwo ni amateka n’umuco.
Iterambere ry’umuhora wa ruguru (inzira y’ubwikorezi ihuza muri Kenya, Uganda, u Rwanda, u Burundi, Uburasirazuba bwa RDC na Sudani y’Epfo) rizasaba ukwihuza gukomeye. Kandi turi kubona ishusho isa n’iyo mu bice bitandukanye, nk’urugero umuryango wa IGAD [Uhuza ibihugu 8 byo mu ihembe rya Afurika, ikibaya cya Nil n’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari.]
The East African: Ibyo binyerekeje ku masezerano ashyiraho isoko rusange rya Afurika (AfCFTA), no gufungura imipaka muri rusange; gusa mpere ku byavuzwe n’umuyobozi wa Duraleh Multipurpose Port (DMP) yo muri Djibouti, Wahib Daher Aden mu Ukuboza 2018.
Yavuze ko amahoro nakomeza kugaruka muri Sudan y’Epfo, Djibouti izakomorera ibikorwa byo ku cyambu bigana i Juba; kandi ko mu gihe kirambye bifuza kwagurira ibikorwa byabo mu Rwanda n’i Burundi. Yaba ari gahunda ihari, bizagenda bite?
Perezida Kagame: Ikintu cy’ingenzi aha ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibice bidakora ku nyanja kandi bigakorwa muri Afurika yose. Urebye ubu usanga byaratangiye.
Ikigo nka Dubai Port World cyatangije icyambu kidakora ku mazi i Kigali. Ntikizafasha u Rwanda gusa, ahubwo n’ahandi bazacyungukiraho nko mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, mu gihe ibintu byarushaho kumera neza, u Burundi mu gihe bazaba batarubaka icyabo cyangwa nibaba bashaka kugikoresha.
Magingo aya abantu bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC banyura hano bagiye mu bice bitandukaye gushaka ibyo bakeneye, ariko ubu bashobora kuza bagahagarara hano bagafata ibyo aribyo byose bakeneye, kubera ko habaye ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa abantu bashaka; ntibikiri gusa icyambu cyo ku butaka.
Hari na gahunda zo gukura ibintu i Mombasa, bigaca Kisumu, bikambuka ikiyaga cya Victoria kitajya gikoreshwa; turi kureba uburyo bwo kubyihutisha n’ikiguzi bidusaba.
The EastAfrican: Amasezerano y’isoko rusange rya Afurika ni imwe mu ntego zagutse, gusa kurihuza bizasaba ko rishingira ku miryango mito, by’umwihariko nko guhuza uburasirazuba n’uburengerazuba; guhuza amajyepfo n’amajyaruguru.
Perezida Kagame: Imiryango ishingiye ku bukungu ni intambwe ikomeye iganisha ku kurema isoko ryagutse rya Afurika. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukugira ibintu biri ku murongo muri buri gihugu, nubwo haba hakiri imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe.
Ibyo nibimara gukemuka, ni nabwo ibihugu bizihuriza mu miryango y’uturere biherereyemo. Ibizakomeza iterambere rya Afurika bigomba kuba bya bindi biyifasha gukemura ibibazo bituma itabyaza umusaruro amahirwe ayitegereje.
Afurika igomba kugaragaza icyerekezo cyayo ubwayo, bidashingiye ku gace iherereyemo, ahubwo bishingiye ku mateka yayo, umuco, akazi, n’ubucuruzi. Hari ibintu dukeneye kugaragaza bifite impamvu twashingiraho twihuza kandi bikatwereka n’amahirwe ahari, ndetse n’imbogamizi tuzahura nazo muri rusange.
Mu gihe tuvuga ubumwe bwa Afurika, hari indirimbo ku rundi ruhande ivuga ngo “oya, mwe gutuma bishyira hamwe, mubatandukanye kubera ko nibishyira hamwe bagakemura ibibazo byabo, bazatubera ikibazo, bazahinduka abo duhangana, tuzaba twiyambuye ahantu twajyaga tukajugunya ibyo tudakeneye.” Icyo ni ikindi kibazo.
Imbogamizi z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe nazo ni ibindi, ntibisaba kuba ubishaka cyangwa utabishaka, n’iyo ubwawe waba ukora ibintu neza mu gihugu kimwe; ibyo undi muntu akora nabi biraza bikakugiraho ingaruka.
Tugomba gutekereza gukora dufatanyije kubera ko ibibazo byinshi birenga imipaka. Mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique hari amakuru avuga ko abahagabye igitero mu minsi ishize bafite inkomoko muri Afurika yose n’ibice bihakikije, kuva muri Somalia kugera muri Yemen.
Hari iby’ingenzi byinshi dukeneye, rimwe na rimwe ushobora kwibaza ibibazo wakemura mbere, ariko ushobora kubona mu buryo bwagutse ukuntu kwihuza byadushyira mu mwanya mwiza wo guhangana na byinshi muri ibyo bibazo.
The EastAfrican: Wakunze kunenga demokarasi y’ubwisanzure n’ibijyana nayo byo mu burengerazuba bw’Isi, uvuga ko politiki igira ishingiro iyo ijyanye n’uburyo abaturage babayeho n’ibihugu byabo.
Ushingiye aho, buri gihugu cyaba gifite kugira demokarasi cyihariye. Hagize ubyemera atyo, byaba bigishoboka kuvuga mu buryo bwagutse “Demokarasi ya Afurika”. Ubona ute ishusho y’iyo “Demokarasi” ya Afurika niba ishoboka, noneho yaba imeze ite imaze gukura, tuvuge nko mu myaka 15 iri imbere?
Perezida Kagame: Ndacyategereje uzampinyuza ku byo navuze ku kwisanzura cyangwa kuri demokarasi yo mu burengerazuba bw’isi. Demokarasi si ikintu gihagaze cyonyine. Igomba kugira intego, igomba gukorera abaturage.
Yaba itanga umusaruro mwiza? Niba iwutanga ubwo nta kabuza yafashije abantu kandi ifite agaciro. None se niba itanga umusaruro, ni gute itaba demokarasi? Rimwe na rimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere bazasobanura n’ibitagenda babyite demokarasi.
Demokarasi si ibitagenda neza, igomba gutuma ibintu bikorwa uko bikwiriye. Demokarasi ni iki ikwiye gutanga kitari urwego abaturage banyurwamo bijyanye n’umutekano n’iterambere? Ibi bitandukanywa bite?
Niba ari demokarasi, ubwo ikwiye kuba ikora igatanga umusaruro. Demokarasi ikwiye gushyira amafunguro ku meza ndetse n’umutekano.
Nabwiwe inshuro nyinshi ko demokarasi ari akaduruvayo, ko kutagenda neza ari demokarasi, ikiguzi cyose byaba bitwara. Ni gute akaduruvayo no kudakora neza bihinduka byiza? Ntabwo ibyo byaba intego.
Ku bwanjye ni uko demokarasi ari itanga umusaruro mwiza ku baturage.
