Iyi nkuru yatambutse bwa mbere mu myaka 7 ishize, ubwo umushakashatsi akaba n’umunyamakuru, Tom Ndahiro yagaragazaga ko icyo bamwe mu Banyarwanda bise “ubwigenge” babonye mu mwaka w’1962, mu by’ukuri atari bwo, ahubwo uwo mwaka wabaye intangiriro yo gusenya ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda .
Nubwo rero iyi nkuru atari ubwa mbere igiye hanze, twifuje kongera kuyibasangiza kuko ibikubiyemo dusanga bigifite ishingiro.
Imyaka 52 irashize, u Rwanda rugiye mu mubare w’Ibihugu byigenga. Kwigenga byo kugira ibendera bitari ukugira uburenganzira bw’Abanyagihugu.
U Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge mu buryo budasanzwe ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bituranye narwo. Abahawe ubwigenge n’Ababiligi bategekaga u Rwanda, ntibanabushakaga kuko n’imvugo yabo mu mwaka bahabwamo ubwo bwigenge, baririmbaga ‘Vive la Belgique’ bisobanura “Harakabaho Ububiligi”.
Ibi binyuranye n’aho abandi baririmbaga basingiza ibihugu byabo, bamagana abakoloni. Ibi byo gusingiza abakoloni na mpatsibihugu ntibyarangiranye na PARMEHUTU.
Amateka yisubiyemo
Muri Kamena 1994, indirimbo ya MRND na CDR bakira Abafaransa baje kubatabara, yari “Vive la France” (Harakabaho Ubufaransa).
U Rwanda rubona ubwigenge, amarira n’ibyishimo byaranganaga. Nicyo Gihugu cyonyine cyabonye ubwigenge cyica kandi cyirukana bamwe mu bakigize. Aha ndavuga abitwaga Abatutsi.
U Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge Abatutsi badafite uburenganzira uhereye ku bwo kugira Igihugu, kugeza no ku burenganzira bwo kubaho. Nta ko bari kubugira ishyaka ryayoboraga Igihugu, PARMEHUTU, ryarashyiriweho kurengera bamwe hagacinyizwa abandi.
Igihugu kubona ubwigenge muri ako karengane byagize ingaruka ku mibereho y’Abanyarwanda kugeza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu bihe bitandukanye byasimburanaga.
Ibikorwa-remezo bya Jenoside
Politiki n’imvugo y’abayobozi ba PARMEHUTU nibyo byabaye ibikorwa-remezo byubakiweho ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.
Abaparmehutu ntibabonaga U Rwanda nk’Igihugu cy’Abanyarwanda, ahubwo cyari Igihugu cy’Abahutu cyihanganira Abatutsi nabwo ntibagire ubundi burenganzira uretse ubwo gutura.
Imvugo z’urwango ku batutsi na politiki yo kubaheza ntibyakorwaga mu ibanga, byavugwaga ku mugaragaro. Byarandikwaga, bikavugwa mu magambo mbwirwaruhamwe, bikanaririmbwa.
Abaririmbyi biswe Abanyuramatwi bashyiriweho gukora akazi ko kumvisha Abanyarwanda ko Igihugu ari icya Gahutu. Ni bo baririmbye ko Rwanda ibonye bene yo Gahutu akwiye kuganza.
Kuwa 27 Nzeli 1959, Gitera Yozefu yatangaje amategeko 10 y’Abahutu yashimangira ko Umututsi n’Umuhutu badashobora kubana. Irya nyuma rigasoza rivuga ngo “Umututsi aragatsindwa i Rwanda”.
Gregori Kayibanda wabaye Perezida wa mbere w’u Rwanda rwigenga, nawe imvugo nk’izo yarazikoresheje kandi kenshi. Kwanga Abatutsi yari yarabibonyemo indangagaciro.
Muri uko kwezi kwa Nzeli 1959, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bwa Musangamfura Sixbert yasohoye mu 1987, Kayibanda yavuze ko icyo PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA bagomba guharanira ari ukuronda ubwoko no guheza Abatutsi.
Mu nama yahuje PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA I Butare, Kayibanda yarababwiye ngo “Ishyaka ryacu rirareba inyungu z’Abahutu … tugomba kuba urumuri rwa rubanda nyamwinshi, tugomba gusubiza Igihugu bene cyo, Igihugu ni icy’Abahutu.”
Nyuma y’amezi abiri Gitera asohoye amategeko 10 y’Abahutu, kuwa 27 Ugushyingo, Kayibanda yasohoye inyandiko mu kinyamakuru cya PARMEHUTU cyitwa “Jya mbere” avuga ngo “… niba Abatutsi bakomeje guturana n’Abahutu bazatsembwa”. Ibi biragaragaza ko igitekerezo cyo gutsemba Abatutsi cyari kimaze kunozwa.
Ku itariki 7 Mutarama 1963, yabwiye Inteko ishinga amategeko asa n’ubigisha Demokarasi, ko ari ubwenge, ari n’umuco bidakwiye kwitirirwa Abatutsi ko ahubwo ari iby’Abahutu gusa!
Yagize ati: “Ubwenge n’umutima w’Igihugu bigomba guhumeka demokarasi. Ntimuzabyirengagize bikomeye: Ubucurabwenge n’ubusizi ni umuco wo kwa Gahutu ari we mwinshi muri Repubulika yatsindiye demokarasi. Umuziki n’imbyino n’ibindi byari bigiye kwamburwa rubanda, cyangwa bikaba igihakisho cyo guhaka n’ubwenge. Imyuga yo kubaza no kuboha no gutora amabara byari bimaze gututsikazwa: bisigaye byose byitwa danseurs Intore Watussi. Byari ubuyobe benshi batashoboraga kubona aho bubaroha. Shimwa PARMEHUTU wazamukanye ishyaka ryo kwita mbere kuri benshi ari byo demokarasi; utanze bake ari byo ukesha igikundiro n’imitsindo. Mu izina ry’Igihugu ndi umubyeyi wa bose ariko umwana urushije abandi ubutwari n’umutima atangwaho urugero”.
Iyi ni imvugo itari iy’umuyobozi w’Igihugu, ariko mu Rwanda nibyo byari byemewe.
Ku itariki ya 1 Gicurasi 1967, Kayibanda yavuze ijambo ku munsi w’Abakozi ku Isi, aho yagaragaje ko kuri we na politiki y’ishyaka rye, umuntu n’umukozi bisobanura Abahutu gusa.
Hari aho yavuze ati: “Uyu munsi uributsa umuturage wese ko umurengwe ari wo wakabuye abakozi ba mbere baharaniye ishyaka ry’icyubahiro gikwiriye umukozi; mbese nk’uko ubwirasi bwa gihake bwahagurukije Gahutu. Umurengwe, ugizwe n’uwo PARMEHUTU yakijije byaba kuri we icyo bita ubupumbafu. Icyo Igihugu gishaka ni demokarasi. Umurengwe wa bake bakize iyo uje kubibagiza ko Gahutu ashaka demokarasi, uhindukamo icyorezo kurusha Ruzagayura. Ariko kandi: Abakuru ntimuribagirwa ko twayikijijwe n’uko Gahutu yahagurutse akarushaho gushishikarira gukora. … aho Gahutu ari hose akaba atarajijuka bikwiriye kumbabaza nkamufasha uko nshoboye kose.”
Iyo Kayibanda avuga nka Perezida w’Igihugu, yari gutekereza Umunyarwanda wese utajijutse, cyangwa udakora uko bikwiriye. Ariko kuri we, yatekerezaga bamwe kuko abandi basaga n’abatabaho.
Gushimangira ko yatekerezaga bamwe akirengagiza abandi, ubisanga no mu ijambo rye yavuze ku munsi w’Abakozi umwaka ukurikiraho.
Ku itariki ya 1 Gicurasi 1968 hari aho yagize ati: “Ubu kuvuga Umuhutu bikwiye kuvuga umuntu uzi gukorana umwete, n’ubwenge, n’umurava, azamura urugo rwe n’Igihugu cye”.
Iyi politiki ntiyahagaze, yarakomeje.
*Ubwigenge = guheza Abatutsi*
U Rwanda rwizihiza ubwigenge ku nshuro ya 10, muri Nyakanga 1972, Leta yasohoye agatabo kitwa “Ingingo z’ingenzi mu mateka y’u Rwanda”, kavuga inzira u Rwanda rwanyuzemo muri iyo myaka.
Igitekerezo cy’uko Abatutsi ari abanyamahanga cyarashimangiwe cyane, babita ko ari abantu baje “bahobagira inyuma y’imirizo y’inka zabo”, bakaza gutera ibibazo mu Rwanda.
Nyuma y’indi myaka 10, kutemerwa kw’Abatutsi mu Rwanda byarakomeje.
Mu 1982, u Rwanda rumaze imyaka 20 rwitwa ko rwigenga, nibwo Perezida Milton Obote wa Uganda yirukanye impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zari muri icyo Gihugu. Bageze mu Rwanda, Leta ya Habyarimana yanze kubemera nk’abenegihugu bayo ibaheza mu gihirahiro bahinduka abatagira Igihugu “Stateless”.
Mu 1992, Igihugu kimaze imyaka 30 cyitwa ko cyigenga, abahoze ari ingabo z’Igihugu (FAR) bashyizeho amahame ahoraho ya gisirikare asobanura ko Abatutsi ari abanzi b’Igihugu (Ari abari mu Rwanda, n’abari mu mahanga).
Abandi biswe abanzi b’Igihugu n’izo ngabo ni abatari bishimiye ibyo ubutegetsi bwakoraga. Ibyo byahaye imbaraga abakangurambaga mu ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, nka Mugesera Leon wavugiye ku karubanda ko Abatutsi bakwiye gusubizwa ahitwa ku nkomoko yabo banyujijwe muri Nyabarongo.
Ibya Mugesera, Habyarimana, Kayibanda na Gitera ntaho byari bitandukaniye muri ubwo bwigenge bwo kwanga no kwigisha urwango.
Uko kubuza abantu uburenganzira ku Gihugu cyabo biri mu byabaye imbarutso yo gufata ingamba zo kubohora Igihugu. Ubu tukaba twizihiza imyaka 20 u Rwanda rubohowe.
Ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, Habyarimana Yuvenali yakuyeho Geregori Kayibanda, asesa PARMEHUTU nk’ishyaka. Uko guhindura imirishyo y’ingoma ntibyigeze bihindura ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ku batutsi na politiki y’ivangura.
Mu gihe twibuka ku nshuro ya 52 iby’ubwigenge bwapfubye, tunitegura kwibuka ukwibohora, Abanyarwanda bakwiye kuzirikana ko guheza abantu iwabo, ari nako ubuza amahwemo bamwe mu bari mu Gihugu, ngo wumve ko byakomeza bityo.
