Uganda : Impunzi nk’igicumbi cyo gukuramo abajya mu mitwe y’iterabwoba

Nsomye ibijyanye n’impunzi muri Uganda by’umwihariko, natangajwe n’uburyo yivuga imyato kuba ari ari igihugu cyiza kiruta ibindi mu kwakira impunzi.

Minisitiri Ushinzwe ubutabazi no kurwanya ibiza, Hillary Onek, muri Uganda ubwo yari i Geneve mu Ukwakira umwaka ushize yagize ati “Uganda ntiyahwemye kugira politiki yo gufungurira imiryango impunzi kandi ntisubiza inyuma buri wese utugana ashaka umutekano”.

Onek yashimangiraga ikitwa ubugwaneza bwa Uganda nubwo nawe ashobora kuba abizi ko ibyo yavugaga bihabanye n’ukuri kuko ingoma ya sebuja Kaguta Museveni, ari intandaro y’umutekano muke mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari.

Isuzuma rya hafi ry’ibimenyetso rigaragaza ko iyo ataza kuba ukwivanga kwa Museveni muri gahunda z’ibindi bihugu, hatari bugaragare impunzi nyinshi mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari.

Mbere na mbere hari kuba gusa umubare muke w’abaturage bahunga RDC batajya muri Uganda gusa ahubwo bajya no mu bindi bihugu bituranyi. Inyungu Museveni afite mu kugumisha hasi RDC no gukomeza kuba igihugu kibabaje ntabwo ari ibanga, ni ukwiba umutungo kamere w’iki gihugu gikize.

Nta kindi byabyaye uretse gusiga ibihumbi amagana by’abaturage bahunze bakaba impunzi abenshi bakajya muri Uganda.

Nta kindi cyo kubihamya kirenze Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rw’ubutabera. Mu 2005, mu rubanza RDC yaregagamo Uganda, urukiko rwanzuye ko ‘Hagati ya 1998 na 2003, ibikorwa bya Uganda muri RDC byahonyoye ibijyanye n’ubusugire mpuzamahanga bitera ubwicanyi n’iyicarubozo ry’abasivili ndetse bisenya n’ingo z’abaturage’.

Perezida w’urukiko Shi Jiuyong yagize ati “Ku bw’imyitwarire y’ingabo za Uganda zakoze ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo, ubwicanyi n’ibindi bikorwa bitari ibya kimuntu ku baturage b’abasivili ba Congo, Uganda yahonyoye amahame mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu”.

Ndetse na nyuma urukiko mpuzamahanga rwategetse Uganda kwishyura RDC, miliyari 10 z’amadolari ku byangijwe, iranihanangirizwa ibwirwa guhagarika kuvogera ikindi gihugu. Gusa Museveni yarabikomeje cyane kuruta na mbere.

Impunzi kandi zikomeje guhunga kubera ubufasha aha imitwe y’iterabwoba nka RNC na FDLR ngo yice, ifate ku ngufu ndetse ikorere iyicarubozo abasivili mu gihe irimo gusahura.

Umuyobozi wa Uganda akomeje kwivanga mu kibazo cy’u Burundi ari ku ruhande rwa Nkurunziza, akabuza iki gihugu amahirwe yo gukemura ibibazo byacyo mu mahoro.

Ubutegetsi bw’u Burundi bushyigikiwe na Museveni, bwishe abashakaga ko ibibazo byabaye mu gihugu bikemuka mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi busobanutse. Ibi byatumye abarenga ibihumbi 500 bahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi kuva Nkurunziza yagundira ubutegetsi mu 2015 abifashijwemo na Kampala.

Ibibabaje byinshi byabaye muri Sudan y’Epfo kuva ubwo Museveni yafataga icyemezo cyo kwinjira muri politiki y’iki gihugu. Ubwo havukaga amakimbirane mu gisirikare hagati y’impande ebyiri mu 2013, Museveni yabogamiye ku ruhande rumwe yohereza ingabo ze ngo zijye kurufasha. Iki ntabwo ari cyo abakuru b’ibihugu na Guverinoma za Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bari bemeranyijeho.

Haganirwaga ku buryo butabogamye bwo gukemura ibibazo impande zombi zikabwemeranyaho. Ibihugu bikomeye mu muryango wa IGAD, nka Kenya byashyiraga imbere umwanzuro wa politiki waganiriweho nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byabitangaje.

The East African yo kuwa 4 Mutarama 2014, yatangaje ko ‘Ariko Perezida Museveni yakoze ibisa n’iby’abashumba yinjira muri ayo makimbirane’.

Museveni kandi yongeye guhamya ko ari umusemburo w’amakimbirane adashira abyara ubuhunzi. Kimwe mu bizwi cyane muri byose ni uburyo Umuyobozi wa Uganda atera hejuru akivuga imyato mu kwakira impunzi.

Umusesenguzi ku mutekano wo mu karere avuga ko Museveni ari “Ni nka rutwitsi utwika inzu hanyuma akirukankana amazi avuga ngo ni ushinzwe kuzimya umuriro”

Ibirenze ukwivugira imyato ku mutungo mubi, hari uburyo bubiri Museveni abyazamo umusaruro ubuhunzi yateje.

Impunzi nk’umutungo ubyara inyunyu

Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe (OPM), byakira miliyoni z’amadolari aturutse muri UNHCR, ari ryo Ishami rya Loni ryita ku mpunzi, akaba agenewe gufasha abatishoboye mu nkambi z’impunzi ariko amenshi aranyerezwa.

Ntabwo birangirira aho. Binyuze kandi mu biro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe, ubutegetsi bwa Uganda bwongereye umubare w’impunzi bufite kugira ngo bukunde busabe miliyoni nyinshi muri Loni, bushyira mu mifuka yabwo. Ibi byiyongeraho no kongera inyemezabwishyu za lisansi na mazutu, ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ubundi butekamutwe.

Raporo y’igenzura rya Loni ku mibare y’impunzi muri Uganda yo mu Ugushyingo 2018, yerekanye ko hari impunzi miliyoni 1.1 zari munsi ya miliyoni 1.4 Guverinoma y’iki gihugu yavugaga ko ifite.

Mu nkuru yanditswe na Reuters yari ifite umutwe ugira uti “Igenzura rya Loni ryabonye amanyanga n’imyitwarire idahwitse muri gahunda yayo y’impunzi muri Uganda”.

Reuters yavuze ko havumbuwe ruswa ya miliyoni z’amadolari kandi abijanditse muri ibyo byaha ari abo mu biro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Ibiro bya Loni bishinzwe ubugenzuzi kandi byerekanye inyemezabwishyu, magendu ndetse n’ibyakozwe hadakurikijwe amategeko n’izindi ngero z’imikorere mibi Guverinoma ya Uganda, yanyanganyije UNHCR.

Ubugenzuzi bwerekanye ko imodoka za UNHCR zakoresheje ibikomoka kuri peteroli by’umurengera. Izi modoka zikoreshwa n’abahawe inshingano n’ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Uganda, ari nayo ifite mu nshingo imicungire y’impunzi ndetse igaha n’amasezerano y’akazi abakozi ba UNHCR.

Ubugenzuzi bwanagaragaje kandi ko ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Uganda byishyuye ibihumbi 283 by’amadolari, byagenewe ku mwaka abakozi babyo ariko ntibyabasha gutanga impapuro zisobanura ko aba bakozi bakoraga mu mishinga ya UNHCR.

Ibiro bya Loni bishinzwe ubugenzuzi kandi byavuze ko Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Uganda byishyuye amafaranga menshi ku butaka bwagombaga kwagurirwaho ahantu ho kubarurira impunzi, hari kandi na miliyoni 7.7 z’amadolari z’umurengera zishyuwe ku mazi yakoreshejwe.

Umusesenguzi mu by’umutekano agira ati “Biragaragara neza ko kuri leta ya Uganda yamunzwe na ruswa, kuba hari impunzi ari iby’agaciro kandi izakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo iki kibazo ntikirangire ahubwo gikomeze kwiyongera”.

Ikindi gihamya cy’iyi ruswa ni uko Hilary Onek mu ijambo yavugiye mu nama ya IGAD kuwa 25 Werurwe uyu mwaka, yamennye inda atabizi abayobozi bo mu biro bya Minisitiri w’Intebe, ku bijyanye no kwiba ibyagenewe impunzi.

Yagize ati “Aba bantu bubatse amazu hanze y’igihugu mu byari bigenewe impunzi, bagomba kubibazwa bakirukanwa”.

Impunzi nk’igicumbi cyo gukuramo abajya mu mitwe y’iterabwoba

Mu bundi buryo Museveni abyazamo umusaruro impunzi nyinshi ziri mu gihugu cye, ni igicumbi cyo gukuramo abajya mu mitwe y’iterabwoba igamije guhungabanya umutekano w’abaturanyi.

Raporo y’impuguke za Loni kuri RDC yasohotse kuri 30 Ukuboza 2018, yagaragaje birambuye uko ibikorwa byo gushaka abajya mu mitwe irwanya u Rwanda bikorwa, bigakorerwa mu kitwa P5, kirangajwe imbere na RNC ya Kayumba Nyamwasa n’umutwe wa FDLR ugizwe ahanini n’abasize bakoze Jenoside.

Raporo ya GoE ivuga ko mu nkambi z’impunzi ari ahantu ho gushakira abajya mu mitwe runaka kuko haba hari umubare munini w’urubyiruko n’abantu bari mu bwihebe. Abashaka abajya muri iyi mitwe barababeshya bakababeshya ko babajyanye kubaha akazi cyangwa bakababwira ko nyuma yo kujya muri RNC bazabaha viza zo kujya i Burayi no muri Amerika. Bababeshya mu buryo bwinshi.

Isi yose yiboneye urugero rutomoye rw’uko gushaka abajya muri iyo mitwe ubwo mu Ukuboza 2017 itsinda ry’abantu 46 bavuga Ikinyarwanda bafatirwaga ku mupaka wa Kikagati uhuza Uganda na Tanzania.

Abayobozi b’umupaka bagize amakenga ubwo bari bamaze kubona ko ibyangombwa by’inzira by’aba bantu ari ibihimbano. Abo bafashwe bavugaga ko bagiye kwiga ibijyanye n’iyobokamana mu Burundi. Mu ibazwa ryimbitse baje guhishura ko berekezaga mu myitozo ya RNC mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Polisi ya Uganda yabataye muri yombi ibashinja iterabwoba. Abakorera Urwego rwa Uganda rushinzwe ubutasi bwa gisirikare (CMI), bagerageje kubyitambikamo bavuga ko hari amabwiriza aturutse hejuru yo kubemerera gukomeza. Muri icyo gihe Polisi yarabyanze.

Byarangiye Museveni agize ikimwaro yemera ko yari azi ibikorwa byo gushaka abayoboke mu gihugu cye bakajya mu mitwe y’iterabwoba. Ni mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ubwo yari kumwe na mugenzi we w’u Rwanda muri Werurwe 2018.

Yavuze ko nyuma y’uko Perezida Kagame amubwiriye iby’abantu 46 boherejwe muri RNC, akora iperereza asanga urwo rubyiruko rwavugaga ko rwari rugiye kwiga bibiliya, rwari rugiye mu bindi bikorwa bitandukanye nabyo.

Ku bijyanye n’impunzi z’abanyarwanda, UNHCR yashyizeho igihe cyo kuzivaniraho sitati y’ubuhunzi. Ibi biteganywa n’amasezerano yo mu 1951 ku by’impunzi ateganya ko ibihugu bitangaza ko impamvu zatumye abaturage bahunga zitagihari, bityo abahunze bose bagomba gutahuka cyangwa bagatakaza sitati y’ubuhunzi.

UNHCR yatangaje ikurwaho rya sitati y’ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda bose kuwa 30 Kamena 2013. Gusa Uganda yahisemo kutagira icyo ibikoraho yanga kubishyira mu bikorwa. Kampala ntiyigeze isubiza impunzi z’abanyarwanda iwabo nk’uko biteganywa muri iyo ngingo ahubwo yakoze ibitandukanye nabyo.

Ikoranye na bamwe mu bakozi ba UNHCR muri iki gihugu, Uganda mu ntangiro z’uyu mwaka yatangiye gushyira ibyapa biriho ikirango cya UNHCR ku mipaka iyihuza n’u Rwanda. Ibi byapa bibwira abanyarwanda byanditse mu Kinyarwanda, Icyongereza n’Igiswahili ko ushaka kuba impunzi ashobora kwambuka umupaka akiyandikisha.

Guverinoma ya Museveni igeze habi aho yamamaza ishaka impunzi. Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka y’Isi bibayeho. Museveni ushobora gutekereza ko afitiye impuhwe impunzi ariko niwe ubabyaza inyungu cyane.