Ku mugoroba wo ku ya 06 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana na mugenzi we w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira, yarahanutse bombi barapfa, ubwo bavaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya mu nama ireba uko hashyirwa mu bikorwa amasezerano yo gusangira ubutegetsi na RPF- Inkotanyi.
Kuva muri uwo mugoroba Interahamwe n’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’igihugu, batangiye kwica Abatutsi no guhiga bukware abayobozi batavuga rumwe na bo n’abasirikare 10 b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro bahasiga ubuzima.
Indege igihanuka urujijo rwari rwose. Ariko nk’uko ikinyamakuru gikomeye cyo muri Amerika “The New York Times” cyasohoye inkuru icukumbuye kuri iryo hanuka ry’indege tariki 12 Ugushyingo 1994, gishimangira ko indege yahanuwe n’agatsiko k’abasirikare ba Leta ya Habyarimana b’abahezanguni gafatanyije n’Abafaransa.
Umubiligi witwa Paul Henrion wari umaze imyaka isaga 60 ku Kiyaga cya Muhazi, yatangaje ko ubwo yageraga i Masaka avuye i Kigali ari kumwe n’umushoferi we, batwaye moteri y’ubwato yari yapfuye bavuye kuyikoresha, yabonye imbere yabo imodoka ikurura imbunda nini.
Yasabye umushoferi we kugenda buhoro. Bageze imbere bahuye n’abasirikare birabura bagera kuri 12, babiri bambaye imyenda mishya ya gisirikare y’ingabo zatsinzwe (Ex-FAR).
Ibisigazwa by’Indege ya habyarimana
Buri wese yari afite imbunda ku rutugu, imbunda nini cyane yo yari itwikirijwe n’umwenda. Abo basirikare bari bambaye ingofero zihengamiye iburyo uretse abo basirikare babiri bari bazihengekeye ibumoso.
Uyu muzungu yakomeje urugendo rwe aza kugaruka mu Mujyi wa Kigali nimugoroba. Nyuma y’iminota 45 ageze i Kigali nibwo yumvise ko indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana ihanutse.
Igisasu cyo mu bwoko bwa misile cyahanuye iyo ndege, bivugwa ko cyaturutse mu kibaya cya Masaka nk’uko abaturage bo muri Masaka babonye ibishashi by’igisasu kizamuka babyemeza, akaba ari n’aho Paul Henrion yabonye abo basirikare.
Nyuma gato y’uko abasirikare 10 b’Ababiligi bicwa n’abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana, ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bw’u Bubiligi bwatangiye iperereza ariko ryagaragaje ko intagondwa zo muri Leta ya Habyarimana zitashakaga kugabana ubutegetsi na FPR ari zo zahanuye indege.
Ibi bihura neza kandi n’irindi perereza ryakozwe nyuma na Leta y’u Rwanda rigasohora raporo muri 2012, raporo yiswe Mucyo nk’uwari ukuriye iyi komisiyo.
Uretse ayo maperereza, nyuma y’impapuro zo guta muri yombi abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda zibashinja kugira uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege zasohowe n’umucamanza Jean Louis Bruguiere nta perereza ryakozwe, Leta y’u Bufaransa yashyizeho itsinda ryo gukora iperereza.
Abacamanza babiri Nathalie Poux na Marc Trevedic bakoze iryo perereza banzura ko indege yahanuwe n’agatsiko k’intagondwa za Leta ya Habyarimana zitakozwaga iby’isaraganya ry’ubutegetsi.
Mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Ukwakira 2016, ubucamanza bw’ u Bufaransa bwongeye kuzamura iyo dosiye bwari bwaratangaje ko yarangiye, buvuga ko bugiye kumva umutangabuhamya bufata nk’ingenzi ari we Kayumba Nyamwasa urwanya Leta y’u Rwanda.
Inzobere z’abasirikare b’Ababiligi zakoze iperereza zavuze ko iyo ndege yahanuwe na Misile z’Abarusiya zitwa SAM 7 zari i Masaka, mu birometero bike uvuye ku Kibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe, ikigo cy’abasirikare cya Kanombe n’ingoro ya Perezida Habyarimana.
James Gasana wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingabo muri 1993 utarabajijwe n’abakoraga iperereza, avuga ko izahoze ari ingabo z’u Rwanda (Ex-FAR) zitigeze zitunga izo misile kandi nta basirikare bari bahugukiwe uko kuzikoreshwa bari bafite.
Ibi bituma hakekwa ko abarwanyi bari aba RPF – Inkotanyi barashe iyi ndege, ariko Gasana akavuga ko bidashoboka kuko hari hafi y’ikibuga cy’indege, ikigo cya gisirikare n’urugo rwa Perezida, agashimangira ko nta kuntu inkotanyi zari kwinjira muri ako gace bucece ntibazibone.
Mu iperereza ryakozwe n’abo Babiligi, babonye inyandiko y’impapuro ebyiri yanditswe n’uvuga ko yari mu bantu bane bacuze umugambi wo guhanura indege harimo n’Abafaransa babiri.
Iyo nyandiko yageze kuri Colette Braeckman, umunyamakuru w’Umubiligi ukorera ikinyamakuru cyitwa Le Soir Belgique, ari na we wayishyikirije iryo tsinda ry’Ababiligi bakoze iperereza.
Uwanditse iyo nyandiko utavuga amazina ye yombi, ngo yari umuyobozi ukomeye mu mutwe w’interahamwe no mu Ishyaka rya CDR ryari rizwiho kugira ibitegekerezo by’ubutagondwa.
Yanditse ko bishe Perezida Habyarimana kugira ngo ibe imbarutso yo gutsemba Abatutsi n’abatuvuga rumwe na bo.
Yashimangiye ko muri uwo mugambi bawucuranye n’Abafaransa babiri bafatanya no kuwushyira mu bikorwa.
Ati “Simbabwira amazina yombi y’Abanyarwanda ariko izina rimwe ry’ umwe muri abo Bafaransa ni “Etienne”.
Amakuru yaje kumenywa n’Ababiligi bakoraga iperereza ni uko uwo Mufaransa ari umusirikare w’inzobere mu by’intwaro nini wari umaze imyaka 30 mu gisirikare, atozaga abasirikare barindaga Perezida w’u Burundi.
Uyu musirikare ngo yari Umufaransa ukomoka mu Birwa rya Martinique cyangwa Gaudeloupe. Ntibabashije kumubona ngo bamubaze kubera igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyabyanze.
Ukunyuranya mu mvugo z’abatangabuhamya
Munyandinda siwe wa mbere watorotse igisirikare cy’u Rwanda wahawe ijambo n’ubucamanza bw’u Bufaransa.
Mugabe Jean Pierre, Lt. Ruzibiza Abdoul, Ruyenzi na Gafirita
Guhera mu 2001, abatangabuhamya bagera kuri batandatu bahunze igihugu bamwe bakajya mu mitwe irwanya leta, batanze ubuhamya, ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana rihirikirwa ku ngabo zahagaritse Jenoside.
Bamwe bavuga ko bumvise itegurwa ry’uwo mugambi, abandi ko bagize uruhare mu gutegura intwaro zakoreshejwe cyangwa mu kuzitwara ziva ku Mulindi zizanwa i Kigali.
Gusa imvugo zabo zigenda zihura n’ikibazo gikomeye kuko zidahura, n’ubwa Munyandinda budasigaye.
Mbere ye, abandi babiri bahoze mu ngabo bavuze ko bagize uruhare mu gutwara izo missiles, aribo Aloys Ruyenzi na Emile Gafirita, bafite byinshi bagenda babusanyaho na Munyandinda.
Uwa mbere avuga ko missiles zari zihishe mu gisanduku gikoze mu biti, ziza gutwarwa munsi y’inkwi zari zipakiye mu ikamyo ya Mercedes. Uwa kabiri we yavuze ko bazizingiye mu kintu bazishyira munsi ya matola n’indi myenda, mu ikamyo.
Munyandinda we azana imvugo ya gatatu ko zari zashyizwe mu bisanduku bibiri, akavuga ko ibyo bisasu byaturutse mu Burusiya (SA-16 IGLA) biriho n’inyandiko nyinshi mu rurimi rw’icyo gihugu.
Ku bijyanye n’igihe ibyo bisasu byajyaniwe i Kigali nabwo, uko ari batatu batanga ubuhamya budahura na gato.
Ruyenzi avuga ko hari muri Gashyantare 1994. Gafirita we yavuze ko ari mu minsi cumi n’itanu mbere y’uko indege ihanurwa, ni ukuvuga ahagana kuwa 24 Werurwe 1994, Munyandinda we akavuga ko byari hagati y’impera za Gashyantare n’intangiro za Werurwe 1994.
Iyo bigeze ku itsinda ry’abantu bapakiye izo missiles n’abazijyanye i Kigali, naho hazamo kubusanya. Ruyenzi avuga ko abasirikare bane ba APR baje mu ikamyo ariko akavugamo babiri gusa; Franck Nziza na Eric Hakizimana binavugwa ko aribo bahanuye indege.
Gafirita avuga ko we yari mu ikamyo ya Mercedes yatwaye ibyo bisasu, aherekejwe n’umushoferi Eugène Safari alias ‘Karakonje’ na Sergent Emmanuel. Yavuze ko ahubwo Lieutenant Franck Nziza yabahaye ikaze kuri CND (ahakorera Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’ubu), bivuze ko atari ku Mulindi ubwo bajyaga guhaguruka.
Ireme n’i vuguruzanya riri hagati y’abo batangabuhamya, Ruyenzi, Ruzibiza, Micombero, Rudasingwa, Musoni, Marara, bavuga ko bari mu ngabo za FPR kandi bagize uruhare cyangwa bamenye imyiteguro y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana niryo ryatumye umucamanza w’umufaransa Marc Trévidic yanga kumva Gafirita akoresheje amazina y’amahimbano (annonymat) ndetse yiyizira mu Rwanda gukora iperereza ryimbitse ryagaragaje ko uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana ryabazwa ingabo z’Abafaransa na Ex.FAR kuko aribo bari barinze ikibuga cy’inde cya Kanombe.
Munyandinda niwe wenyine wakomoje kuri Kabarebe
Imbere y’umucamanza, James Munyandinda niwe mutangabuhamya rukumbi wavuze ko bapakiye ibisasu Gen James Kabarebe ahari. Nta n’irindi zina avuga haba mu gupakira cyangwa gutwara ibyo bisasu ryagaragaye mu bundi buhamya, uretse Franck Nziza.
Ku kundi kunyuranya, nk’uko Aloys Ruyenzi na Emile Gafirita babivuze, iyo kamyo ya Mercedes yaherekejwe n’imodoka ebyiri za Jeep z’ingabo za Loni zari mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu Rwanda, Minuar, imwe iri imbere indi iri inyuma.
Ariko James Munyandinda we siko yabivuze, ngo yari imodoka ya burende ikurikiwe n’imodoka ya pick-up ya APR, nayo ikurikiwe n’ikamyo ya Mercedes yarimo missiles, ikurikiwe na pick-up ya kabiri ya APR nayo ikurikiwe na burende yindi.
Nyamara nubwo uyu mutangabuhamya Munyandinda adahuza na bagenzi be, umucamanza Herbaut asa n’uwahaye agaciro amagambo ye, kuko yahamagaje Gen Kabarebe ngo azajye kwisobanuraho, nubwo amakuru avuga ko atazajyayo dore ko ibi birego by’u Bufaransa byakomeje gushyirwa mu mutaka w’ubutabera kandi ari politiki nsa.
Mu mwaka wa 2000 Bruguière, yumvise ubuhamya bwa Christophe Hakizabera, wemezaga ko ibisasu byaje ari bitandatu, mu gihe Jean Pierre Mugabe we avuga ko imbunda enye zo mu bwoko bwa SAM-16, zinjijwe muri CND, ibice bizigize bitandukanye, ngo zaziye mu byo kurya.
Mu mwaka wa 2004 muri Gicurasi, Umucamanza Jean Louis Bruguière yumvise uwahoze mu gisirikare cya APR akaza guhunga Aloys Ruyenzi wemeza ga ubwe ko yagenzuye ipakirwa ry’intwaro, mu ikamyo yari itwaye inkwi zo gucana, akavuga ko ibyo bisasu byarashe indege ya Habyarimana babizanye muri Gashyantare 1994, mu gihe Abdoul Ruzibiza we umutangabuhamya w’imena wa Bruguière, atigeze ahuza n’ibyavuzwe na Gafirita waje kuburirwa irengero muri Kenya, kuko Abdoul Ruzibiza we ahubwo yemeza ko ibyo bisasu byageze i Kigali mu mpera za Mutarama, nk’uko yabyanditsemu gitabo cye, Rwanda, l’hisotoire secrète, igihe yajyaga gutanga ubuhamya muri TPIR (Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda), Ruzibiza yahinduye imvugo avuga ko niba yibuka neza ibisasu byageze i Kigali mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare.
Mu buhamya bwa Kayumba Nyamwasa avugamo amazina y’abantu 2 barashe iyo ndege aribo : Franck Nziza na Eric Hakizimana. Nyamwasa asobanura uburyo ibisasu (missiles) byakoreshejwe muguhanura iyo ndege byahishwe mu modoka yatwaraga inkwi zo gucana. Nubwo yavuze ibyo, ntabwo Nyamwasa asobanura impamvu Paul Kagame yamwibiye ibanga ry’uko igikorwa cyo guhanura iyo ndege cyashyizwe mu bikorwa, kandi yaramuheje mu bantu bari mu mugambi wo kurasa iyo ndege!
Kayumba Nyamwasa
Ku bindi bisigaye, Kayumba Nyamwasa yatanze ibisobanuro byinshi biri ku mapaji menshi bibeshyuza ibyo abatangabuhamya bamuvuzeho. Abo batangabuhamya bakaba barabwiye abacamanza bo mu Bufaransa mu mwaka w’2001 n’2003 ko Kayumba Nyamwasa yagiye mu nama nyinshi zateguraga icyo gikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyo kurasa indege ya Habyarimana.
Gusa ikigaragara ni uko ubiri inyuma ari Kayumba Nyamwasa n’Abafaransa banze kuva ku izima bakaba bakirwana n’umuzimu wa Habyarimana, kubera ipfunwe n’ikimwaro ko batsinzwe intambara, igihugu kikabohoka kandi kikaba kiri gutera imbere.
Ubwanditsi
