Imyaka ibiri irashize mu mikorere y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) hashyizwe imbaraga mu mpinduramatwara iganisha kuri Politiki yo kwigira no kwibeshaho aho gukomeza gutegereza inkunga z’amahanga.
Iyi gahunda yafashe umurongo nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize AU yabereye i Kigali muri Nyakanga 2016, hemezwa ko hasuzumwa amavugurura akenewe mu muryango ubundi izo nshingano zihabwa Perezida Kagame, nawe afatanya n’itsinda ry’abahanga icyenda bazwi kuri uyu mugabane.
Mu byanogejwe harimo ko igihugu cyajya gitanga 0.2% by’umusoro ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse kugeza mu Ukuboza 2017, Komisiyo ya AU yari imaze kugeza ku bihugu 21 byari ku nzego zitandukanye zo gushyira mu bikorwa uwo mwanzuro mu gihe ibihugu 12 byatangiye gukusanya uwo musoro.
Mu gihe ibihugu bimwe byicinya icyara kuri iyo gahunda izatuma Afurika ikusanya miliyari 1.2 z’amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka, agatera inkunga 100 % ibikorwa by’ubuyobozi bw’umuryango, harimo 75% bya porogaramu z’umuryango na 25% by’ibikorwa by’mahoro, Afurika y’Epfo irimo irakotanira kwitambika aya mavugurura.
Mbere y’uko aya mavugurura abaho, ibikorwa bya AU byiringiraga inkunga ku rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse n’ibihugu byo kuri uyu mugabane bigerageje gukusanya amafaranga, ugasanga bitanu byonyine byihariye hejuru ya 60% by’amafaranga aboneka. Iyo gahunda nayo yazambye ubwo ibintu byagendaga nabi muri Libya, kandi yari imwe muri ibyo bihugu.
Ubu umwuka si mwiza hagati y’ibihugu biri kumwe n’u Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo biturutse ku mavugurura akenewe muri AU, by’umwihariko ku ngingo yo gukusanya imisanzu izafasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda za AU hatagendewe ku nkunga z’amahanga.
Uku kutumvikana kwaturutse kuri Perezida Jacob Zuma wa Afurika y’Epfo usanzwe ari n’Umuyobozi w’Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Majyepfo ya Afurika, SADC, ubwo mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu iherutse kubera i Addis Ababa muri Ethiopia, yagaragaje ibitekerezo bihabanye n’amavugurura akenewe muri AU.
Ku wa Mbere w’icyumweru gishize Zuma yabwiye abakuru b’ibihugu ko SADC itanyuzwe no kuba hatarabayeho ibiganiro ngishwanama bishyigikiye aya mavugurura ndetse ko ibiganiro mu magambo byakozwe na Komisiyo ya AU bitari bihagije.
Bivugwa ko hanabayeho ukutumvikana ku bijyanye no guhindura imiterere n’imikorere ya NEPAD, umuryango washinzwe ku bw’igitekerezo cya Thabo Mbeki; ku buryo wagirwa rimwe mu mashami ya AU agamije ibikorwa by’iterambere n’ibiro byawo bikavanwa muri Afurika y’Epfo i Johannesburg bikajya muri Ethiopia i Addis Ababa ku cyicaro cya AU.
Inyandiko ya Ambasade ya Afurika y’Epfo yabonywe na Mail & Guardian dukesha iyi nkuru, ivuga ko SADC yagaragaje ukutishimira imyanzuro yavuye mu mwiherero w’abakuru b’ibihugu ku kuba yarafashwe nk’igisa n’itegeko mu gihe ishobora kujyanwa mu nteko rusange.
Ikindi SADC itemeranyijweho n’abandi nk’uko bigaragara muri iyo nyandiko, ni uko yanenze gahunda yo gutanga 0.2 % by’umusoro ku bicuruzwa ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga nk’amafaranga y’imisanzu yo gushyigikira ibikorwa bya AU.
Iyo nyandiko ikomeza igira iti “Byinshi mu bihugu by’ibinyamuryango ntibyagaragaje ubushake ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa kubera impamvu zitandukanye zirimo kuba uyu mwanzuro uhabanye n’amategeko ya bimwe mu bihugu by’ibinyamuryango ndetse n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga n’ayo mu karere ajyanye n’ubucuruzi nk’ayerekeranye n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga mu by’Ubucuruzi.”
Afurika y’Epfo kandi yanagaragaje ibindi bitekerezo bihabanye n’ibyari bisanzwe aho yavuze ko amafaranga yakusanyijwe muri iyi misanzu arenze cyangwa ari hejuru y’umusanzu igihugu gikwiye gutanga, akwiye gusubizwa igihugu cyayatanze aho gushyirwa mu kigega cy’ingoboka. Bivugwa ko iki kibazo kikiri kuganirwaho.
Abayobozi bari mu bikorwa byo gutegura aya mavugurura, bamaganye ibitekerezo bya SADC bavuga ko nta shingiro na rito bifite. Umwe muri aba w’Umunyarwanda yagize ati “Ibirwa bya Maurice na Malawi bari gukusanya iyi misanzu. Ntabwo ari SADC yose itabishyigikiye.”
Aba bayobozi banenze ba Ambasaderi b’Abanyafurika muri AU bafite icyicaro i Addis Ababa ku mananiza bakomeje kugaragaza. Ati “Barashaka kugenzura gahunda yose, rimwe na rimwe bose bashyira hamwe bagakora nk’ikipe.” Uyu muyobozi waganiriye n’iki kinyamakuru yakomeje avuga ko ‘Zuma yanengewe mu nama ubwo yari amaze kuvuga ijambo rye.”
Umwe mu bakoze kuri aya mavugurura nawe yikomye aba ba Ambasaderi agira ati “Aba ba Ambasaderi bumva ko byose byari gukorwa nabo, barashaka kubivanga. Twanze kubemerera ko basenya ibyakozwe.”
Yakomeje avuga ko ibitekerezo bifitanye isano n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga mu by’ubukungu byaje biturutse ‘ku bo hanze y’umugabane’ bashaka ko amavugurura mu by’imari atagera ku ntego.
Hari ibiteye inkeke
Umwe mu bayobozi b’u Rwanda yabwiye iki kinyamakuru ko batewe inkeke na Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga wa Afurika y’Epfo, Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, wabaye Ambasaderi w’iki gihugu mu Buhinde mu gihe kimwe na Kayumba Nyamwasa.
Ni mu gihe Kayumba Nyamwasa asigaye aba muri Afurika y’Epfo mu buhungiro aho bivugwa ko ari umuntu wa hafi cyane wa Nkoana-Mashabane, ufatwa nk’inkoramutima ya Zuma.
Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Zuma ntibwigeze butuma u Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo bibana neza, aho u Rwanda rwashinje Afurika y’Epfo gucumbikira abashaka kuruhungabanyiriza umutekano. Ubu umubano w’ibihugu byombi urimo ikibazo, ku buryo abanyarwanda bifuza kujya muri Afurika y’Epfo ari urugamba rukomeye kuba babona viza.
Gusa ibintu bishobora guhinduka mu gihe cya vuba, kuko ubutegetsi bwa Zuma buri ku ndunduro, ndetse Perezida Kagame akaba aheruka kugirana ibiganiro byihariye na Perezida w’ishyaka riyoboye Afurika y’Epfo (ANC) Cyril Ramaphosa i Davos mu Busuwisi, uyu akaba ari nawe uhabwa amahirwe yo kuba Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo mu minsi mike.
Amavugururwa ntakiri mu magambo
Mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu iherutse, Kagame yasabye abayobozi bagenzi be gushyigikira aya mavugurura.
Yavuze ko ‘amavugururwa ntakiri mu byifuzo. Ubu arahari, ntashobora gusubira inyuma kandi yatangiye no gukora ikinyuranyo nubwo ibiganiro bikomeje.” Yongeyeho ko “Nta cyubahiro kizahabwa abatazubahiriza ibyo biyemeje cyangwa ku batazishyura imisanzu yabo.”
Ibihugu byatangiye gukusanya uwo musoro biwushyira kuri konti za AU zagiye zifunguzwa muri Banki Nkuru z’ibihugu birimo u Rwanda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tchad, Djibouti, Guinea, Sudani, Maroc, Congo Brazzaville, Gambia, Gabon, Cameroun, Sierra Leone na Côte d’Ivoire.
Ku rundi ruhande, Ghana, Benin, Malawi na Sénégal byatangiye inzira z’amategeko ziganisha ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uwo mwanzuro.
Ubusanzwe ibikorwa by’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe byinshi byakorwaga hifashishijwe amafaranga yatanzwe n’abaterankunga batandukanye kuko nko mu 2017; 73% by’ingengo y’imari yawo yari amafaranga aturutse mu nkunga.
Politiki ishingiye ku kwigira ni imwe mu zimakajwe na Perezida Kagame mu Rwanda, akaba ari n’umuco ashaka kugeza mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
