Ku itariki ya 5 Kamena 2025 u Burundi bwinjiye mu matora y’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ariko ni umunsi utabujije benshi kwibaza icyo imyaka 20 y’ishyaka CNDD-FDD ku butegetsi imaze isigiye igihugu. Muri iyo myaka 20, ishusho rusange y’imibereho y’abaturage n’iterambere ry’igihugu igaragaza gusubira inyuma gukabije, bigaterwa ahanini n’ibura ry’icyerekezo cya politiki, imiyoborere mibi y’ubukungu, n’ihagarikwa ry’inkunga n’ishoramari byaturukaga hanze y’igihugu.
Ishyaka CNDD-FDD ryageze ku butegetsi rishingiye ku masezerano y’amahoro y’i Arusha, yari agamije kugarura ituze no gutangiza inzira y’iterambere rirambye. Ayo masezerano ryayashyize ku ruhande nta gitekerezo gifatika cy’icyazabisimbura, ahasigaye habaho gushyira imbere imigambi n’amavugurura yanditse gusa ku mpapuro, nk’icyerekezo 2025, icyerekezo 2040-2060, n’indi migambi yagiye itangazwa mu magambo gusa itagira ishingiro mu igenamigambi n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ubuhinzi, kimwe mu byagombaga kuba inkingi y’iterambere, bwagiye burushaho gusubira inyuma. Umusaruro waragabanutse, ibiciro by’ibiribwa byarazamutse, inzara igeramiye abaturage iriyongera. Muri 2024, u Burundi bwaje ku isonga mu bihugu bifite inzara kurusha ibindi ku isi. Mu gihe ubuhinzi bwari bugize 66% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu mu 1992, mu 2025 ntiburengeje 28%, ibintu byanatewe no kugabanya ingengo y’imari yabwo kuva kuri 22% kugera munsi ya 7%.
Inganda z’ubwubatsi n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ntibyigeze bitezwa imbere. Izishingwa mu myaka ya za 1980 zarafunzwe cyangwa zarapfuye burundu. Imishinga myinshi y’iterambere yarapfubye cyangwa yarabaye umuyoboro wa ruswa. Ibigomba gukorerwa imbere mu gihugu, byose bigitumizwa hanze: isukari, ifarini, imiti, imyambaro n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo. U Burundi bwaragumye mu mwanya wa nyuma mu bihugu bikiri inyuma mu nganda muri Afurika.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, ubukungu bwarangwagamo imiyoborere idahwitse, ubwikanyize mu itangwa ry’amasoko ya Leta, ibikorwa bifite akamaro gake ku baturage, ruswa ikomeye, n’ishoramari rishingiye ku gushingira ku ishyaka aho gushingira ku bumenyi. Raporo za Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari zagaragaje ko ubushobozi buke bwa bamwe mu bakozi ba Leta butuma inkunga z’amahanga zidakoreshwa, bityo amafaranga menshi agasubizwa aho yaturutse.
Ibikorwaremezo nk’amashuri, amavuriro, imihanda n’amashanyarazi bigeze aharindimuka. Abaturage bake bagerwaho n’amashanyarazi, amavuriro n’amashuri yifashishwa mu burezi n’ubuvuzi bikaba bidafite ubushobozi. Ifaranga ry’igihugu ryataye agaciro ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 300% mu myaka ibiri, ibura ry’amavuta, imiti, n’ibiribwa ntiryigera ricika. Inyigo zigaragaza ko ubukungu bw’igihugu buri mu kaga, nta n’imishinga irambye yo kugikura aho kigeze.
Ubuhagarike bw’igihugu mu ruhando mpuzamahanga nabwo bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwangirika kw’ubukungu. Nyuma y’umwaka wa 2015, aho havutse imvururu za politiki n’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, inkunga z’amahanga zaragabanutse, ishoramari rituruka hanze riragabanuka. Mu gihe hagati ya 2005 na 2016 inkunga z’amahanga zari zarikubwe kabiri, mu 2024 zari zaragabanutse kugeza hafi ku rwego zariho mbere y’uko CNDD-FDD ifata ubutegetsi. Abashoramari b’abanyamahanga baracitse, ndetse n’abo mu gihugu ubwabo bagahitamo gushora imari hanze aho kuyishora mu gihugu cyabo.
Nubwo abaturage bari bafite ibyiringiro ko amatora ya 2025 yazana impinduka, ukurikije uko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko izaba igizwe, bikomeje kuba igicucu cy’icyifuzo cyabo. Abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ntibemerewe kwiyamamaza, abaturage babwiwe ko bagomba gutora gusa ab’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, bityo igitekerezo cy’imiyoborere ishingiye ku bwiganze bw’amarenga y’abaturage gikomeza kuba inzozi.
Imyaka 20 irashize, abaturage b’u Burundi bakomeje kwihanganira ubukene, inzara, ubushomeri n’icyizere gike cy’ejo hazaza. Bashyirwa imbere n’amasezerano n’amagambo, ariko ibikorwa bifatika byo kubakura mu bukene ntibigaragare. Iyo urebye ishusho y’igihugu uyu munsi, CNDD-FDD ntiyabaye igisubizo cy’iterambere, ahubwo yateje igihugu gusubira inyuma.
