Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, ari i Doha muri Qatar aho yagiye kwifatanya n’ubuyobozi n’abaturage b’iki gihugu mu gusezera Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, wabaye Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga wa Qatar kuva mu 1995 kugeza mu 2013, akaba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura iki gihugu kikaba kimwe mu bikomeye ku Isi.
Sheikh Hamad yitabye Imana ku wa 12 Nyakanga 2026, asiga inyuma amateka yo guhindura Qatar mu buryo bukomeye, ayivana ku rwego rw’igihugu gito cyo mu Kigobe, ayigira igihugu gifite ijambo rikomeye mu bukungu, politiki, itangazamakuru, siporo n’ububanyi n’amahanga.
Mu myaka 18 yamaze ayoboye Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani yahinduye mu buryo bukomeye isura y’igihugu cye, agikura ku rwego rw’igihugu gito cyo mu Kigobe cy’Aba-Perse cyari gishingiye cyane ubukungu bwacyo kuri peteroli, akigira kimwe mu bihugu bikize cyane ku Isi kandi bifite ijambo rikomeye muri politiki mpuzamahanga.
Igihe Sheikh Hamad yafataga ubutegetsi mu 1995, Qatar yari igihugu gifite umutungo ukomeye wa gaz karemano ariko utarabyazwa umusaruro uhagije. Umusaruro Mbumbe wayo wari miliyari 8 z’Amadolari ya Amerika gusa. Nta bikorwaremezo n’inganda zihambaye yari ifite.
Nyuma y’imyaka 18, ubwo Sheikh Hamad yeguriraga ubutegetsi umuhungu we, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani mu 2013, Qatar yari imaze kuba igihugu cya mbere mu kohereza hanze gaz itunganyijwe (LNG), ishoramari ku Isi, igihugu gifite itangazamakuru rifite ijambo mpuzamahanga, ndetse kikaba cyari kimaze kubona uburenganzira bwo kwakira Igikombe cy’Isi cya 2022.
Icyerekezo cya Sheikh Hamad cyari ugukoresha umutungo wa Qatar, cyane cyane gaz, nk’urufatiro rwo kubaka ubukungu burambye no kongera ijambo ry’igihugu ku Isi. Ntiyashakaga ko Qatar iba igihugu gikize kubera ingufu gusa, ahubwo yashakaga ko iba igihugu giteye imbere mu burezi, ikoranabuhanga, itangazamakuru, siporo, ubuvuzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga.
Impinduka za Sheikh Hamad ntizagarukiye ku bukungu gusa. Yagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage ba Qatar.
Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwe, amafaranga igihugu cyinjizaga avuye mu ngufu, yakoreshejwe mu kubaka amashuri, ibitaro, imihanda, ibibuga by’indege n’ibindi bikorwaremezo.
Nubwo abaturage ba Qatar biyongereye, imibereho yabo yarazamutse cyane.
Mu 1995, Qatar yari ifite abaturage bari munsi ya miliyoni imwe. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, umubare w’abaturage warazamutse, aho kuri ubu barenga gato miliyoni ebyiri. Muri icyo gihe byabarwaga ko buri muturage wa Qatar yinjiza nibura yarengaga gato ibihumbi 20$, ariko kuri ubu yarenze ibihumbi 100$ (PPP).
Guverinoma yashoye cyane mu burezi no mu buvuzi. Mu 1998, Qatar yari ifite ibitaro bine gusa, ariko mu 2012 yari imaze kugira ibitaro 13 birimo ibyihariye nka Heart Hospital na Aspetar, ikigo kizobereye mu buvuzi bushingiye ku kuvura abakinnyi n’abandi bakora siporo zitandukanye.
Gaz yahinduye ubuzima bw’Abanya-Qatar
Mbere y’uko Sheikh Hamad agera ku butegetsi, Qatar yari igihugu gito cyo mu Kigobe cyari gitunzwe ahanini na peteroli. Nubwo cyari gifite ububiko bunini bwa gaz karemano muri North Field, kamwe mu duce dufite gaz nyinshi ku Isi, ubushobozi bw’uwo mutungo ntibwari bwarakoreshejwe ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ikibazo gikomeye Qatar yari ifite ni uko yari ifite umutungo, ariko idafite uburyo bwo kuwubyaza umusaruro ku buryo wagira impinduka nini mu bukungu no ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Sheikh Hamad yahise ashyira imbere gahunda yo guteza imbere urwego rwa gaz, ashyiraho imishinga minini yo kuyitunganya no kuyohereza hanze. Icyo cyemezo ni cyo cyabaye intandaro y’impinduka zikomeye Qatar yanyuzemo.
Qatar yohereje bwa mbere gaz itunganyijwe (LNG) mu mahanga mu 1996. Mu gihe kitageze ku myaka 15, yari imaze kuba igihugu cya mbere ku Isi mu kohereza LNG hanze. Mu 2010, ubushobozi bwo gukora LNG muri Qatar bwari bumaze kugera kuri toni miliyoni 77 ku mwaka, bituma iba igihugu gikomeye ku masoko y’ingufu ku Isi, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Aziya.
Izi mpinduka zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’igihugu. Umusaruro mbumbe wa Qatar warazamutse uva kuri miliyari 8 z’Amadolari mu 1995 igera hafi kuri miliyari 199 z’Amadolari mu 2013. Ni ukuvuga ko bwikubye inshuro zirenga 20 mu gihe cya Sheikh Hamad.
Mu myaka ye ku butegetsi, Qatar yabaye kimwe mu bihugu byagize iterambere ryihuta cyane ku Isi. Mu 2006, ubukungu bwayo bwiyongereyeho 18%, na ho mu 2011 buzamuka ku kigero cya 26,2% kubera imishinga minini ya gaz yari yatangiye gutanga umusaruro.
Sheikh Hamad ntiyashakaga ko Qatar ishingira ku kugurisha gaz gusa. Yatekerezaga ko amafaranga avuye mu mutungo kamere agomba gukoreshwa mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’igihugu bw’igihe kirekire.
Mu 2005, hashyizweho Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gushora imari mu bikorwa bitandukanye ku Isi.
QIA yashoye amafaranga mu bigo n’imishinga ikomeye ku Isi, birimo Volkswagen, Barclays, inzu y’ubucuruzi ya Harrods i Londres, ikipe ya Paris Saint-Germain ndetse n’inyubako zikomeye nka The Shard i Londres.
Ibi byatumye Qatar iva ku kuba igihugu gishingiye gusa ku ku ngufu, iba igihugu gishora imari ku migabane itandukanye y’Isi. Uyu munsi, umutungo wa QIA ubarirwa muri miliyari zirenga 500 z’Amadolari.
Al Jazeera: Umushinga wahaye Qatar ijwi ku Isi
Mu bikorwa byamenyekanye cyane bya Sheikh Hamad harimo gushyiraho televiziyo ya Al Jazeera mu 1996.
Icyo gihe ibitangazamakuru byinshi mu bihugu by’Abarabu byari ibigengwa cyane na za Leta. Al Jazeera yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo gutangaza amakuru, itanga ibiganiro bitandukanye kandi ikora ubusesenguzi ku bibazo bya politiki byo mu bice by’Abarabu no ku Isi.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Al Jazeera yarakuze iba igitangazamakuru cy’igihangange ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bituma Qatar igira ijambo rikomeye kurusha ubunini bwayo.
Al Jazeera yagiye inengwa na bimwe mu bihugu byavugaga ko ishobora kuba ifite aho ibogamira, ariko nta gushidikanya ko yabaye kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi Qatar yakoresheje mu kubaka imbaraga zayo ku Isi.
Qatar Airways: Guhindura Doha ihuriro ry’ingendo mpuzamahanga
Muri gahunda ya Sheikh Hamad yo guhindura Qatar igihugu gifite ijambo ku Isi, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bwabaye imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi.
Igihe yatangiraga kuyobora Qatar, Qatar Airways yari sosiyete nto yashinzwe mu 1993, ikaba yari ifite indege nke kandi ikorera ingendo nke.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, guverinoma yashoye imari nini mu kuyihindura sosiyete mpuzamahanga.
Uyu munsi, Qatar Airways ni imwe muri sosiyete z’indege zikomeye ku Isi. Ifite indege zirenga 200 kandi ikorera ingendo mu mijyi irenga 170 ku migabane itandukanye y’Isi.
Ikorera ku kibuga cy’indege cya Hamad International Airport i Doha, cyahindutse rimwe mu mahuriro akomeye y’ingendo hagati ya Aziya, Afurika, u Burayi na Amerika.
Qatar Airways kandi yagiye ihabwa ibihembo byinshi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, birimo gutorwa nk’imwe muri sosiyete z’indege nziza ku Isi.
Iyi sosiyete yabaye igikoresho gikomeye mu kumenyekanisha Qatar, kuko yahinduye Doha ahantu h’ingenzi mu bucuruzi, ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga.
Yubatse Qatar ishingiye ku bumenyi
Sheikh Hamad yizeraga ko ejo hazaza h’igihugu hatagomba gushingira kuri gaz gusa, ahubwo ko hagomba no kubakwa ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abaturage.
Mu 1995, hashinzwe Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, umuryango wagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere amashuri, ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga.
Binyuze mu mu mushinga wa Education City, Qatar yakiriye amashami ya kaminuza zikomeye ku Isi nka Georgetown University, Carnegie Mellon University na Texas A&M University.
Ibi byari bigamije guhindura Qatar igicumbi cy’ubumenyi n’ubushakashatsi mu karere, aho gukomeza kuba igihugu gishingiye ku mutungo kamere gusa.
Ubuvuzi ntibwibagiranye
Urwego rw’ubuzima na rwo rwateye imbere cyane mu gihe cya Sheikh Hamad.
Mu 1998, Qatar yari ifite ibitaro bine gusa. Mu 2012, umubare wabyo wari umaze kugera kuri 13, harimo Al Khor Hospital, Al Amal Hospital, Heart Hospital, Cuban Qatari Hospital na Al Wakra Hospital.
Qatar kandi yashyizeho Aspetar Hospital, ikigo cyihariye mu buvuzi bwita ku ba-sportifs n’indwara z’amagufa. Mu 2008, FIFA yagishyize ku rwego rw’ibigo by’indashyikirwa mu buvuzi bwa siporo.
Siporo yafashije Qatar kumenyekana ku Isi
Sheikh Hamad yabonye siporo nk’uburyo bwo kongera kumenyekanisha Qatar ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Mu 2010, Qatar yatsindiye kwakira Igikombe cy’Isi cya FIFA 2022, iba igihugu cya mbere cy’Abarabu ndetse n’igihugu cya mbere cyo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati cyakiriye iri rushanwa rikomeye.
Kwakira iri rushanwa byatumye Qatar ishoramo amafaranga menshi mu kubaka stade, imihanda, ubwikorezi, amahoteli n’ibindi bikorwaremezo.
Qatar yabaye umuhuza mu bibazo mpuzamahanga
Nubwo Qatar ari igihugu gito, Sheikh Hamad yayihaye ijambo rikomeye muri dipolomasi mpuzamahanga.
Mu gihe cye, Doha yabaye ahantu h’ibiganiro hagati y’impande zihanganye. Qatar yagize uruhare mu biganiro by’amahoro muri Liban, Sudani, Palestine, Yemen, Somalia, Eritrea na Djibouti ndetse ubu ni umwe mu bahuza bakomeye mu bibazo by’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, bihanganishije AFC/M23 iharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanye-Congo na RDC.
Mu 2008, ibiganiro byabereye i Doha byatumye impande zari mu makimbirane muri Liban zigera ku masezerano y’amahoro. Mu Sudani na ho, Qatar yagize uruhare mu biganiro byagejeje ku masezerano y’amahoro ya Darfur yo mu 2011.
Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani azibukwa nk’umuyobozi wahinduye Qatar mu buryo budasanzwe.
Yasanze Qatar ari igihugu gito gifite umutungo mwinshi ariko kidafite ijambo rikomeye ku Isi. Yasize igihugu gifite ubukungu bukomeye, kikaba icya mbere mu kohereza LNG hanze, gifite kimwe mu bigega bikomeye by’ishoramari ku Isi, igitangazamakuru cya Al Jazeera, Qatar Airways, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kwakira Igikombe cy’Isi cya FIFA.
Icyo Sheikh Hamad yerekanye ni uko igihugu gito gishobora kugira uruhare runini ku Isi iyo gikoresheje neza umutungo wacyo, kigashora mu bumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, itangazamakuru, siporo na dipolomasi.
Mu myaka 18 gusa, Qatar yahindutse urugero rw’uko icyerekezo kirekire n’ishoramari mu nzego zitandukanye bishobora guhindura igihugu kikava ku rwego rw’igihugu gito kikaba umukinnyi ukomeye ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
