Tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge bwari bwitezwe nk’isoko y’ituze, ubusabane n’imiyoborere ishingiye ku mahame ya demokarasi. Ariko se koko ubwo bwigenge bwageze ku ntego zabwo? Icyo amateka agaragaza ni uko ubwigenge bwabaye intangiriro y’ivangura, ubwicanyi n’imiyoborere mibi, kugeza ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabaga mu 1994.
Ubundi Kamarampaka ya 1959 haza Politiki y’iringaniza yahise yambaye isura ya demokarasi kuko mu mwaka w’1959, nyuma y’igitutu cy’Ababiligi bashakaga gusimbuza ingoma ya cyami ubutegetsi bwa rubanda, hatangijwe igikorwa cya Kamarampaka, cyashishikarije abaturage “guhitamo” hagati y’ubwami na repubulika. Icyo benshi batamenye ni uko ibyayavuyemo byari byarateguwe n’Ababiligi, bari bamaze gufata uruhande rw’abahutu bitaga rubanda nyamwinshi cyangwa se PARMEHUTU, bayishyigikiye mu rwego rwo gukuraho ubutegetsi bw’Abatutsi no gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice kandi mbere umwami ataragiraga ubwoko kuko yari uwa Rubanda.
Kamarampaka yabaye ishingiro ry’ubutegetsi bwashingiye ku moko, aho Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa, guhunga no guhezwa. U Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge, ariko rutakaza ubumwe, umurage w’u Rwanda utangira kuzerera amahanga arawuhanda kugeza ubwo wishakiye inzira yo gutahuka maze rwugurura amarembo.
Repubulika ya mbere (1962–1973) yaranzwe no kwamamaza ubwo bwigenge bw’ivangura no guhungetesha abanyarwanda cyane abatutsi batangira kwitwa kw’impunzi muri iyi manda ya Grégoire Kayibanda, habaye byinshi bibi byashingiraga ku ivangura ku mugaragaro mu mashuri no kubona akazi, gutoteza no kwica Abatutsi mu gihugu hose twakwibutsa abantu ko abatutsi baroshywe muri tsetse muri Bugesera, Impunzi zisaga ibihumbi 300 zahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye zigaba ubuzima bubi mu nkambi nk a Mushiha yo mu Burundi, I Bibwe ya Zaire, Nyakivara na Nshungerezi yo mu Bugande ndetse n’ahandi henshi, abasigaye mu Rwanda bahura na ya Politiki yiswe “iringaniza” yakumiraga Abatutsi mu nzego zose z’ubuzima bw’imibereho bwose.
Nuko haboneka Repubulika ivukiye mu ivangura. Ubwigenge buba bubaye inyundo y’irondakoko, aho kuba urufunguzo rw’ubwisanzure kuko nka Repubulika ya kabiri (1973–1994) yari Kudeta yambaye umwambaro waiswe “guhagarika amacakubiri”
Mu 1973, Juvénal Habyarimana yafashe ubutegetsi avuga ko agiye guhagarika ivangura. Ariko iyo republika yaje kuba Igikoresho cy’amacakubiri ashingiye ku turere aho Kiga na Nduga aribwo yatangiye kugira agaciro cyane maze Akazu gatangira akazi mu nzu indani kwa Habyara, Politike mbi zo guhungetesha abatutsi aho bahungiye ziratangira nka MAGRIVI ndetse niyiswe AMASASU na Col. Bagosora Theoneste
Iringaniza ryarakomeje maze rishingira ku bwoko no ku turere (Akazu) ubwo Impunzi zakomeje gukwira isi kubera kunaniranwa n’ubutegetsi nka Col. Lizinde na Kanyarengwe Alexis tudasize Abatutsi bakomeje kurigiswa, gufungwa no kwicwa
Gutegura Jenoside mu buryo bweruye binyuze mu mashyaka ya MRND n’andi mashyaka yari ashingiye kuri PARMEHUTU cyangwa HUTU POWER maze Ubwigenge buba bukomeje kuba igikoresho cyo gutsikamira abataravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
Ibyo byose tubivuze ntitwakwibagirwa Uruhare rw’Ababiligi mu gusenya igihugu, Ababiligi, baje mu Rwanda babeshya ko bashyigikiye ubwami ariko bagamije gufata urwo ruhande ngo bagaragarize abahutu ko batsikamiwe koko babone aho bahera bitwa ko bibohora kuko bigishije amoko nk’inkingi ya politiki yandikwa mu ndangamuntu bashingiye ku mazuru n’indi miterere aho gushingira ku ngero z’ubukungu nkuko byahoze
Ababiligi buriya nibo baremye PARMEHUTU bayishyigikira nk’ubutumwa bwa demokarasi yari ishingiye ku cyiswe Revolusiyo ndetse na Manifesto de Bahutu na Manifesto de PARMEHUTU bifashishije Kayibanda nk’umugaragu wabo bari bironkeye bikozwe n’abapadiri nka Pelode n’abandi.
Bafashije mu iyicwa no mu itotezwa ry’Abatutsi, nk’uko bigaragara mu mibare y’abishwe mu 1963, 1967 n’indi myaka yaganishaga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ntibigeze bamagana ibikorwa byo kubuza impunzi guhunga wenda ngo Basabe ko zatahuka ako gahenge k’amahoro kaboneke, ahubwo ubuhunzi bauhaye umugisha
Ubwigenge bwatanzwe ku Rwanda mu buryo bw’iyobyaburari bwari ishyirwaho ry’ubugome bw’Ababiligi babonagamo inyungu zabo zaganishije igihugu ku mahano ya Jenoside mu mwaka w’1994 kubw’ibyo rero dusanga Ubwigenge nyabwo bwarabonetse nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Ubwigenge nyabwo bwaje ari uko FPR-Inkotanyi ihagaritse Jenoside, igasubiza igihugu mu maboko y’Abanyarwanda bose imaze gushyiraho Leta y’Ubumwe budashingiye ku bihuha ahubwo ishingiye ku Masezerano ya Arusha ndetse n’ibindi biganiro byicaje inzego zose ziga ku cyazahura ubumwe nyabwo bw’abanyarwanda maze hashingwa Uburezi, ubuzima, ubuyobozi n’ubutabera byubakiwe ku mahame y’ubwuzuzanye
Abanyarwanda basubiye mu gihugu cyabo, impunzi zisaga miliyoni 3 zirataha ubwo Amoko n’amacakubiri bikurwa mu mategeko, hubakwa ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bushingiye kuri Nd’umunyarwanda
U Rwanda ruyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame, rwabaye ishusho y’igihugu cyibohoye amateka mabi maze tariki ya 1 Nyakanga iba isabukuru y’ubwigenge, ariko 4 Nyakanga ni iy’ubwigenge nyakuri
1 Nyakanga 1962, ni umunsi igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge bw’inyandiko, ariko cyasubiye inyuma mu bumuntu ku buryo kuyigereranya na tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 1994 aribwo abanyarwanda batangiye guhumeka amahoro ubwo u Rwanda rubona ubwigenge nyakuri, ubwo Jenoside yahagarikwaga, rugahindurirwa amateka.
U Rwanda rwavutse bushya, ruyoborwa n’ukuri bikozwe n’ubuyobozi bwimakaje indangagaciro zishingiye ku bumuntu no gusangira ibyiza by’igihugu.
