Imwe mu migambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi muri Afurika itarateguwe neza ntigire icyo imarira ba nyirayo – Igice cya I

Umugabane wa Afurika wagiye urangwamo ibikorwa byo guhirika ubutegetsi kenshi kuva ibihugu byinshi byabona ubwigenge, ariko, hari n’imigambi yo kubuhirika yagiye itegurwa ariko ntigende uko yateganyijwe igapfubana abayiteguye ndetse bikabagiraho ingaruka, cyangwa ugasanga ubutegetsi burahiritswe ariko gusobanura impamvu yo kubuhirika bikaba ikibazo bikarangira babusubije, bagahunga, cyangwa ntihagire icyo bibamarira. Ni muri urwo rwego Rushyashya yifashishije Wikipedia yabegeranyirije ihirika ry’ubutegetsi ritahiriye ba nyiraryo.

Mali

Umwe mu migambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi wanateguranywe ubushishozi buhagije ariko abawuteguye ntibashobore kwisobanura ngo bumvikanishe impamvu babuhiritse ni uwo mu gihugu cya Mali, aho kuwa 22 Werurwe 2012, ubwo haburaga iminsi ibarirwa ku ntoki ngo uwari umukuru w’igihugu, Amadou Toumani Toure (ATT) arangize manda ye, Capt. Amadou Sanogo yarifashe ava mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kati aherekejwe n’abandi basirikare bitwaje ibikoresho bihambaye nk’abatabaye, bagaba igitero simusiga ku nzu y’umukuru w’igihugu.

Perezida Amadou Toumani Toure nawe wari usanzwe ari umusirikare, ubunararibonye yari asanganywe nibwo bwamutabaye hamwe n’itsinda ry’abamurindaga biganjemo abo bagiranye ubucuti bw’akadasohoka kuva kera mu gisirikare. Bivugwa ko iyo uyu aza kuba yaratakarijwe icyizere na benshi mu bamurindiraga umutekano aba atararokotse igitero cya Capt. Sanogo.

Nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi, Capt. Amadou Sanogo n’abasirikare bamufashije guhirika ubutegetsi bahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusobanurira amahanga ndetse n’abaturage impamvu bahiritse ubutegetsi. Bagaragaje ko perezida ATT yajenjekeye cyane inyeshyamba za MNLA bari bamaze kwigarurira ibice byinshi byo mu majyaruguru nyamara nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi nibwo izi nyeshyamba zifatanyije n’iza Ansar Dine zakajije umurego zigarurira n’ibindi bice ikibazo kijya mu maboko mpuzamahanga biba ngombwa ko Abafaransa ari bo bajya kubohoza amajyaruguru ya Mali.

Nyuma yo kubona ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yari asigaranye ishyigikira guhirika ubutegetsi kwe, Capt Sanogo yakozwe n’ikimwaro umuryango wa CEDEAO umushyira mu kato ashyirwaho igitutu gikomeye ndetse asabwa kwibwiriza akarekura ubutegetsi bitaba ibyo akohererezwa ingabo zo kumukuraho ariko ntiyaruhanya yemera kurekura ubutegetsi nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri gusa.

Guinea Bissau

Muri Guinea Bissau naho hagiye hagaragara kenshi guhirika ubutegetsi bigizwemo uruhare n’abasirikare bakuru b’iki gihugu, aho ngo buri mujenerali yumvaga uko byagenda kose nawe yaba perezida. Iki gihugu cya Guinea Bissau muri Afurika muri 2013 cyasaga nk’aho ari cyo cyasimbuye Benin mu gihirika ubutegetsi kenshi.

Usibye kuvugwamo guhirika ubutegetsi kenshi kurusha ahandi, iki gihugu ngo cyanahindutse indiri y’abanyabyaha biganjemo amabandi, n’abacuruzi b’intwaro n’ibiyobyabwenge. Mu 2012 na none muri iki gihugu hagaragaye umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi ariko utaragize icyo umarira ba nyirawo.Ubwo igihugu cyari gihugiye ku bikorwa by’amatora, nibwo ubutegetsi bwa Carlos Gomes Jr bwahiritswe.

Ariko na none ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ritazigera ryibagirana muri iki gihugu ni igihe Gen Ansumane Mané yafataga ubutegetsi ndetse agahangana byeruye  n’igice kimwe cy’igisirikare cya leta. Kuwa 05 Kamena 1998, perezida Joao Bernardo Vieira yirukanye Gen Ansumane Mané, undi ntiyabikozwa ahubwo avuga ko ari we ugiye kumukura ku butegetsi.

Yahise abigerageza ku itariki ya 07 Kamena 1998, ariko icyo gihe ntibyamuhira kuko igice kinini cy’ingabo cyagumye ku ruhande rw’umukuru w’igihugu ikindi kiramuyoboka maze umurwa mukuru, Bissau uhinduka isibaniro uterwamo ibisasu biremereye byavaga ku mpande zombi abaturage bata ibyabo ku bwinshi. Imirwano yaje guhagarara mu gihe gito byongera gukomera mu mwaka wakurikiyeho mu 1999 abigometse noneho babashije guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Joao Bernardo ariko nabyo bikurikirwa n’intambara z’urudaca hitabazwa Umuryango w’Abibumbye hashyirwaho inzibacyuho.

Kuwa 16 Mutarama 2000 Kumba Yala yafashe ubutegetsi ariko nabwo Gen Ansumane Mané ntiyabishima ndetse azamurwa mu ntera arabyanga Gen Veríssimo Correia Seabra aba ari we ugirwa umugaba mukuru w’ingabo. Gen Mané yarabyanze avuga ko igisirikare cyose ari icye, hashize iminsi ata mu buroko uyu Gen Verissimo ashaka kumusimbuza undi ku mwanya w’umukuru w’ingabo agaragaza ko igisirikare cyari icye ndetse abasirikare bose ari abahungu be. Nyuma hadutse imirwano ikomeye Gen Verissimo abasha gutoroka mu mirwano ikaze yasize inahitanye Gen Mané.

Madagascar

Mu mwaka wa 2002 muri iki gihugu Marc Ravalomanana wari umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Antananarivo, yahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Didier Ratsiraka abifashijwemo n’abaturage biganjemo abasore b’abanyeshuri, nyuma y’imyaka 7 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2009, Andry Rajoelina wari wasimbuye Marc Ravalomanana ku buyobozi bw’umujyi wa Antananarivo nawe yahise ahirika Ravalomanana ku butegetsi neza neza nk’uko nawe yari yahiritse Didier Ratsiraka.

Rajoelina, uba yarahoze ari umuvanzi w’imiziki cyangwa se D.J., aba abaye umukuru w’igihugu atyo ashyigikiwe n’igisirikare. Bivugwa ko Ravalomanana yahiritse Ratsiraka ku butegetsi mu buryo atabashije no gusobanura usibye kwifatira ubutegetsi byonyine, ariko nyuma y’igihe gito nawe ahirikwa na Rajoelina. Marc Ravalomanana ngo akaba ari we mukuru w’igihugu wenyine ku isi wahiritswe n’umuvanzi w’imiziki nubwo yari amaze kuba umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Antananarivo.

Reka tube tubahaye ibyo ubutaha mu gice cya kabiri tuzabagezaho indi migambi yo guhirika ubutegetsi itaragenze neza cyangwa itaragize icyo imarira ba nyirayo nko muri Sierra Leone, Burundi n’ahandi..