U Rwanda rwinjiye mu mubare w’ibihugu bisaga 80 byo hirya no hino ku isi byamaze kwemeza burundu Amasezerano y’i Paris yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Aya masezerano mpuzamahanga agena uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira izamuka ry’igipimo mpuzandengo cy’ubushyuhe bw’Isi, kikaguma hasi ya dogere 2 (2°C) ariko intego ikaba ko iki gipimo kigera hasi ya dogere 1.5 (1.5°C).
Nka kimwe mu bihugu byibasiwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, u Rwanda rushishikajwe no gushyiraho ingamba zo kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere ndetse no kurushaho kubaka ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe. Amasezerano y’ i Paris atanga umurongo wo kugera kuri izi ntego binyuze mu bufatanye bw’Umuryango mpuzamahanga no gushyigikira ibihugu byibasiwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Amasezerano y’i Paris yagizwe itegeko mu Rwanda binyuze mu Iteka rya Perezida Ryemeza Burundu Amasezerano y’i Paris ashamikiye ku Masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Yerekeye Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe. Ku wa 6 Ukwakira uyu mwaka, u Rwanda rwagejeje ku Munyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye inyandiko igena iyemezwa ry’aya Masezerano. Iyi nyandiko yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Louise Mushikiwabo.
Minisitiri Mushikiwabo yatangaje ko u Rwanda rutewe ishema no kwemeza burundu Amasezerano y’I Paris.
Agira ati: “Dutewe ishema no kwemeza burundu Amasezerano y’i Paris yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Twizeye ko ubufatanye bw’amahanga buzafasha kugabanya igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi kikaguma hasi ya dogere 1.5. Binyuze mu Kigega cyo gutera inkunga imishinga yo kurengera ibidukikije (FONERWA), u Rwanda ruri kwereka amahanga ko iyo imishinga yo muri uru rwego icunzwe neza bifasha mu guhanga akazi ndetse no kubaka ubudahangarwa bw’abenegihugu ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe. Twiteguye gukomeza gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa bacu ndetse n’inshuti mu rugendo twiyemeje rwo kugera ku iterambere rirambye kandi ritangiza ibidukikije.”
Amasezerano y’i Paris yemejwe mu gihe ibihugu byitegura guhurira i Marrakech mu nama ya 22 y’Ibihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeranye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (COP22). Ni mu gihe kandi isi yishimira indi ntambwe amahanga aherutse gutera mu rugamba rwo kurengera ikirere ubwo yemezaga ivugururwa ry’Amasezerano ya Montreal, ivugururwa ryemerejwe i Kigali mu Rwanda.
Kubera iri vugururwa, isi izabasha kugabanya dogere 0.5 (0.5°C) ku gipimo mpuzandengo cy’izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi mbere y’uko iki kinyejana kirangira. Uyu uzaba ari umusaruro wo guhagarika ikora n’ikoreshwa ry’imyuka ya ‘hydrofluorocarbons’ (HFCs) isanzwe ikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha nk’uko byemejwe mu ivugururwa ry’Amasezerano ya Montreal. Iyemezwa ry’iri vugururwa ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byo kurengera ikirere ibihugu bizaharanira gushyigikira no guteza imbere ubwo ababihagarariye bazaba bahuriye mu nama izabera muri Maroc mu kwezi gutaha.
Ibyerekeye Amasezerano y’I Paris
Amasezerano y’i Paris azatangira gukurikizwa tariki 4 Ugushyingo 2016, ni ukuvuga iminsi 30 nyuma y’aho mu bihugu byayemeje ibigera kuri 55 byihariye 55% by’imyuka yose yangiza ikirere bitangiye inyandiko zigena iyemezwa n’iyubahirizwa ryayo. Biteganyijwe ko ubwo hazaba hateranye Inama ya 22 y’Ibihugu byashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Yerekeye Imihindagurikire y’Ibihe (COP22) izabera I Marrakesh mu kwezi gutaha, ibihugu byashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’i Paris bizahura bikaganira ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Minisitiri Mushikiwabo yatangaje ko u Rwanda rutewe ishema no kwemeza burundu Amasezerano y’I Paris
Amasezerano y’I Paris ateganya uburyo amahanga afatanyiriza hamwe mu guhangana n’ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse akanagaragaza intambwe buri gihugu gisabwa gutera mu rugamba rwo kugabanya izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Aya Masezerano kandi anateganya inkunga ya miliyari 100 z’amadolari ya Amerika yo gutera inkunga imishinga igamije kurengera ikirere, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ikirere ndetse no gushyigikira urugendo rugana ku bukungu butangiza ibidukikije.
Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu Rwanda
Mu Rwanda, ubushyuhe bwazamutse ku gipimo mpuzandengo cya dogere 1.4 (1.4°C) kuva mu mwaka w’1970. Mu gihe nta gikozwe, iki gipimo cyazamuka kugera kuri dogere 2.5 bitarenze umwaka wa 2050. U Rwanda rwatangiye kugerwaho n’ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe n’izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’isi, harimo amapfa ndetse n’imyuzure ikunze gutera inkangu mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.
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